企业防范核事故风险的法律责任分析——以日本“福岛核事故”为视角

核能的开发利用在给人类带来巨大利益的同时也伴随着各种潜在的风险。对于核能产生的各种风险,政府、企业、国际组织和公众都有防范的责任。从福岛核事故的发生和发展情况来看,核企业在预防和应对核能风险方面负有不可推卸的责任。对企业防范核事故风险责任的适用原则和构成进行规范是我们尽量避免和减少核事故风险发生的有效手段。     

Living with Nuclear Power: A Q-Method Study of Local Community Perceptions

The issue of new nuclear power is once again high up on the public policy agenda in many countries, and candidate sites for new civilian stations are likely to include those that have existing nuclear facilities. A common assumption is that existing nuclear communities will be more accepting of new build because of the direct economic and other benefits nuclear power already makes to a local area. Surprisingly, there is a dearth of contemporary data on perceptions of the risks, benefits, and values associated with nuclear power within such communities. This study uses Q-methodology to investigate the perspectives on living with nuclear risk among people ( n  = 84) drawn from communities near to two nuclear power stations in the United Kingdom. Both stations, at Bradwell-on-Sea and Oldbury-on-Severn, had been in operation for over 40 years. The Q-analysis identified four main perspectives, or points of view, accounting for 53% of total variance. These were interpreted as: Beneficial and Safe; Threat and Distrust; Reluctant Acceptance; and There's No Point Worrying. We conclude that the "landscape of beliefs" about nuclear power in such communities is both subtle and complex, avoiding simplistic bipolar dichotomies such as "for" or "against," and that there is a need for extensive and meaningful dialogue with such communities over any new build plans. The usefulness of Q-methodology for investigating the ways in which people live with risk is highlighted, as are the implications of the results for theories of risk and trust.     

核磁共振研究低渗透储层孔隙结构方法

核磁共振T2分布和压汞毛管压力分析数据均在一定程度上反映了岩石的孔隙结构，理论分析表明，这两组数据具有相关性。通过对大庆外围油田10块低渗透岩样核磁共振T2分布和压汞毛管压力曲线的分析研究，提出同时考虑非线性和压汞进汞饱和度不足100%进行拟合的方法，将T2分布转化为孔隙分布，并且得到转化系数的经验公式。分析了两种方法的差异性，研究结果表明，此方法能明显提高毛管压力曲线的构造精度，并且经该方法转化后的岩芯中值半径和分选系数与压汞结果非常接近，证明了该方法的可靠性。为核磁共振T2分布研究孔隙结构提供了可靠的理论和方法支持。     

试论伊朗核问题对阿拉伯国家的辐射效应

2006年末,正当伊朗坚持推进其核计划时,海湾及北非部分阿拉伯国家也先后提出了自己的核研制计划,引起了国际社会的普遍关注。后冷战时代,新一轮核竞赛出现向欧美以外的其他热点地区转移的倾向:从朝鲜半岛到南亚次大陆再到中东地区,上述三个地区沿欧亚大陆的边缘形成一条弧线,使《核不扩散条约》受到巨大挑战。阿拉伯国家的核计划与核设想有着深刻的国际和地区关联性,但计划的实现也会面临诸多因素的制约,包括经济能力不足、技术水平低下、国内民众反对和大国的劝阻。阿拉伯国家谋求核技术旨在显示一种姿态,希望国际社会能因此向伊朗施加更多的压力。     

Does Fairness Matter in the Context of Anger About Nuclear Energy Decision Making?

Several recent studies have questioned whether nonoutcome forms of fairness matter in decision-making situations where individuals feel strongly engaged by the issue at hand. This survey-based study focuses on perceptions about a decision-making process related to a proposal to expand a nuclear power plant in the U.S. Southeast. It finds that anger moderates the impacts of outcome and procedural fairness on willingness to accept a decision process as satisfactory and legitimate. The more anger a person said he or she would feel if a decision were to contradict that person's point of view, the more perceived outcome and procedural fairness mattered. The study also finds that interpersonal fairness is also moderated by anger, but in the opposite direction. Interpersonal fairness had less of an impact on willingness to accept a decision for those who said they would feel angry if the decision did not go their preferred way.     

论中朝关系及中国的作用

中朝作为友好邻邦,不同时期表现为不同阶段的历史特征。中国对朝政策一直以来维持着一种战略平衡的关系。但随着中国全球战略利益的要求,中朝之间这种地区利益的关系与中国的全球利益发生冲撞。中国今后的对朝政策面临着逐步调整的战略必要。历史的相似性、安全上的依赖性、经济贸易的现实性,要求中国在对朝政策上,具有不同于他国的目标与路径。     

湖南战略性新兴产业集群发展的组织模式研究——关于湖南核电产业集群供应链发展的思考

湖南迫切需要可操作的战略性新兴产业组织理论指导核电站配套装备产业群发展。文章阐述了核电产业集群供应链的基本特征,并对湖南核电产业集群供应链发展进行了必要性及可行性分析。湖南核工业基础较好,有核电产业集群供应链链延发展机遇,有比较合适的集群与产业链延伸条件,应引导集群创新平台与协调体系建设、选择优势集群产业链重点培育,推动核工业园建设。     

衡阳市公众核电认知水平分析

为了解衡阳市公众核电认知水平的程度,并通过分析其影响因素,为衡阳市未来核电发展提供理论依据与数据支持。采用多阶抽样法选取衡阳市5个区（红湘区、雁峰区、殊晖区、蒸湘区、石鼓区）及5个县（衡南县、衡阳县、衡山县、常宁市、衡东县）,共计4200人作为研究对象。研究表明,衡阳市公众对核电相关知识掌握的总体水平偏低,其掌握知识的情况,男性高于女性;以40岁～年龄组认知水平最高;随着文化程度的增高呈增高的趋势;城市高于农村;并随个人年收入的增长而增高。     

总承包模式下核电工程建设安全管理优劣分析——以三门核电工程为例

文章以三门核电一期工程建设安全管理为例,通过介绍三门核电在安全管理中的思路与做法,列举分析了总承包模式下核电工程建设安全管理所具备的优势;同时,提出了我国核电建设总承包模式下安全管理存在的问题与不足,并给出了解决这些问题和不足的建设性意见,旨在进一步提高我国总承包模式下核电工程建设的安全管理水平。