Colonial legacies,post-colonial (in)securities,and gender(ed) representations in South Asia's nuclear policies

Through a comparative study of India and Pakistan's national security discourses, this article explores the linkages between post-colonial India and Pakistan's nationalist/communalist identities, configurations of masculinities, and gendered representations underpinning their nuclear (in)securities. This paper contends that the colonial politics of place-making in the sub-continent has not only inscribed a process of ‘othering’ between these states but has also facilitated the rise of divergent visions of post-colonial nationalisms, which, at each of their phases and with particular configurations of masculinities, have used women's bodies to re-map India-Pakistan's borders and national (in)securities. This article particularly draws attention to a new form of gendered manipulation in South Asian politics in the late 1990s, whereby both states, embedded in colonial notions of religious/cultural masculinities, have relied on discourses of Hindu/Indian and Muslim/Pakistani women's violence and protection from the ‘other’ to pursue aggressive policies of nuclearization. It is at this conjectural moment of a Hinduicized and Islamicized nationalism (flamed by the contestations of a Hindu versus an Islamic masculinity) that one needs to provide a feminist re-interpretation of India-Pakistan's nationalist identities, gendered imaginaries, and their re-articulation of national (in)securities – that represents a religious/gendered ‘otherness’ in South Asia's nuclear policies.     

美国环境社会学最新研究进展

目前,中国环境社会学界对美国环境社会学的文献研究存在以下问题：一是相似度很高,对其理论和观点的表述如出一辙;二是缺少对最新成果和前沿问题的关注。本研究力图＂言别人所未言/未深言＂,对新近研究特别是具有特色的研究进行梳理。其中,理论研究主要是生态现代化、生产的跑步机和双重转移论,经验研究主要是全球气候变化、海洋开发与核风险研究。美国环境社会学的学术研究具有很强的前瞻性,对我国环境社会学的发展具有指导和借鉴价值,但我们更需要增强＂问题意识＂和＂理论修养＂,形成具有本土特色的研究成果。     

反恐战略下的美国伊朗关系分析

2001年“911”袭击发生后,华盛顿认为中东某些国家独裁专制的政治制度是滋生恐怖主义的温床,于是高举“反恐”大旗,接连发动了阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争,并加大了对大规模杀伤性武器特别是核武器扩散的遏制.德黑兰对这两场战争分别做出部分配合支持和强烈反对的不同反应.高举反恐大旗的华盛顿对伊朗的核发展也疑虑重重,认为伊朗此举是对地区安全的挑战,基于此种认识,华盛顿在伊朗核问题上对德黑兰实施了强力遏制政策,这也使得美伊对抗加剧,“伊朗核危机”生成.不管是美国乔治·W·布什总统时期,还是奥巴马任职以来,美国伊朗对抗一直在延续,但是华盛顿已经越来越不倾向于以战争的方式推翻伊朗现政权.     

中国特色社会主义文化建设的战略构想

在新的历史起点上,加强中国特色社会主义文化建设,就要建构社会主义核心价值体系,发挥其引导性和主导性作用;就要提升国家文化软实力,发挥其竞争性和凝聚性作用;就要弘扬中华文化,发挥中华民族共有精神家园的基础性和资源性作用：就要促进社会主义文化大发展大繁荣,发挥创造性,增强整合性,使中华文化更加具有吸引力、感召力。     

美国核能工业管制体系的演变及其借鉴分析

在原子时代的开端 ,核能的前途似乎是一片光明。在五六十年代的美国 ,核能经历了一个不受约束的扩张阶段。但是 ,随后公众的支持和经济利益转向了反对核能技术。从 70年代后期开始 ,美国公用事业公司再没有订购新的核电站。美国核能管制体系在决定核能命运的选择过程中扮演了一个没有预计到的重要角色。文章详细地描述了这个体系的演变历程 ,以及它在公众对核能的信心的消逝这个过程中所产生的影响 ,核能管制体系对公众的这种信心的影响主要有三个方面 :管制体系具有的促进和管制核能这两个目标之间的冲突、管制过程的保密以及一种幼稚的与大众沟通的策略     

中国需要大规模发展核电

预计到本世纪中叶,我国能源供应缺口将高达２０亿吨标煤左右,大规模发展核能是弥补这一缺口的途径之一。核能是清洁、安全的能源,核废料处置问题是可以解决的,核电在我国也具有经济竞争力。为促进我国的核能发展,建议实施下列政策：明确核能的战略地位和作用,采取符合国际核电发展趋势的核电技术发展路线,加快核电的国产化,以科研为基础增强自主化能力,并及早关注公众可接受性问题。     

Public Response to the Tokai Nuclear Accident

This article discusses the influence of the September 30, 1999 nuclear accident in Tokai village (Japan) on the public's attitudes toward nuclear power in Japan. The data used in this report were taken from the results of two surveys conducted mainly to measure the attitudes of the Japanese public with regard to the use of nuclear power in Japan. The first survey was done before the accident in District 23 in Tokyo and also in Osaka and Nagoya. The second survey, which took place after the accident in District 23 in Tokyo and in Osaka and Nagoya, also included residents in a number of other cities of various sizes throughout Japan. The results of the two surveys showed that (1) acceptability of and trust in nuclear power operation had decreased, (2) perceived accident likelihood and public interest had significantly increased, and (3) there had been neither significant nor even a small change in the public's self-rated knowledge about nuclear power or their distrust of the government. The results also showed that the ratio of nuclear power generation opponents to total respondents had considerably increased (7% to 23%) whereas nuclear power generation supporters had moderately decreased (1% to 12%).     

从核心关系词的分布看阿尔泰诸语言的词汇关系

本文通过突厥、蒙古、满通古斯诸语言核心词中关系词分布的分析和统计, 考察了三个语族词汇之间的亲疏远近关系。三个语族语言的词汇之间主要表现为突厥一蒙古 一满通古斯这样依次推移的相关关系。这种推移性关系可能由于三个语族在历史的、区域的 接触与相互影响所引起的。     

核电厂人因失误机理研究:QAP分析

为了明确核电厂人因失误机理并为后期人因失误的精准防控提供理论依据,文章采用“组织定向人因失误分析技术”对2010—2020年核电厂208件人因失误事件报告进行分析,获得样本数据,经统计辨识主要的人因失误类型(知识型、规则型和技能型)和影响因素(如教育培训、组织设计、规程、人机界面等),结合影响因素之间的相关性及因子分析构建主要人因失误场景(如知识/技能经验、注意力、压力和态度等)。由于各因素之间存在相互影响,因而采用QAP方法(Quadratic Assignment Procedure,二次指派程序)对人因失误场景进行相关分析和回归分析,建立知识型、规则型、技能型人因失误因果模型,辨识不同的人因失误场景,揭示人因失误机理。结果表明,不同的人因失误类型其产生机理以及场景显著性不同,为人因失误的精准防控提供理论依据。     

Analytic Bayesian Solution of the Two-Stage Poisson-Type Problem in Probabilistic Risk Analysis

The basic purpose of probabilistic risk analysis is to make inferences about the probabilities of various postulated events, with an account of all relevant information such as prior knowledge and operating experience with the specific system under study, as well as experience with other similar systems. Estimation of the failure rate of a Poisson-type system leads to an especially simple Bayesian solution in closed form if the prior probability implied by the invariance properties of the problem is properly taken into account. This basic simplicity persists if a more realistic prior, representing order of magnitude knowledge of the rate parameter, is employed instead. Moreover, the more realistic prior allows direct incorporation of experience gained from other similar systems, without need to postulate a statistical model for an underlying ensemble. The analytic formalism is applied to actual nuclear reactor data.