The making of national identity among older Estonians in the United States

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of national identity throughout adulthood among older Estonians in the United States. The participants of the study arrived in the United States as World War II refugees, fleeing the Soviet occupation of their homeland. The data were collected using in-depth semistructured interviews, participant observations, and publications of the Estonian community. The interview sample consisted of 30 Estonians who were 75–92 years old. Data analysis was guided by the grounded theory approach. The study revealed that for Estonian refugees of the participants' generation, national identity has been a central aspect of their personal and social identities throughout their lives. However, when the participants became refugees, the expressions of national identity intensified and acquired a mission-like character. Now in old age, their national identity provides them with an important source of existential meaning and a basis for social connections.     

当代爱尔兰诗歌研究综述(1999-2010)

以Google Scholar、CALIS外文期刊网和中国学术期刊论文数据库和博硕士论文数据库为数据来源,通过文献计量研究分析的方法,对1999年以来国内外有关当代爱尔兰诗歌研究成果进行了搜集、梳理、分析。结果表明,近10年来,国外对当代爱尔兰诗歌的研究总体呈上升趋势,相关著作和论文研究内容逐步扩展,研究方法日趋多样化,但国内的相关研究成果在数量、内容和方法上都远不及国外。其中国内外的研究也存在一些问题。这些不足给国内外研究提出了新的挑战也指明了新的方向。     

试析5至12世纪爱尔兰修道院的黄金时代

考察了公元5至12世纪爱尔兰修道院网络形成的三个历史阶段及其繁荣发展的一系列社会历史条件,认为爱尔兰修道院在农业拓殖、艺术创造、宗教传播与拉丁文化的普及等方面对欧洲的蛮族社会产生了深刻的影响.它的兴衰发展折射出了中世纪欧洲基督教社会从独立、分散逐步走向融合,最后臻于一统的历史大势.     

Irish Social Workers in Britain and the Politics of (Mis) Recognition

The article focuses on the perceptions of Irish social workersworking in ‘children and families’ settings in Britain.These respondents cannot be seen as representative of all Irishsocial workers in Britain, yet they do provide insights intofive significant themes: the approach to ‘race’and ethnicity in social work education; Irish identities inBritain; racism and stereotyping; children and families whoare Irish Travellers; and an agenda for the future. The discussionconsiders some of the issues raised in the context of what hasbeen referred to as the ‘politics of recognition’.     

渴慕与认同：《尤利西斯》里的中国文化意象阐释——兼与《中国形象》一文作者商榷

《尤利西斯》里的中国文化意象,并非是＂对中国形象的扭曲、误解和妖魔化＂,相反,它们体现了乔伊斯以及爱尔兰人民对古老神秘的东方文化的渴慕与认同,给读者展示了一个充满传奇、浪漫的东方国家形象,且对刻画主人公布卢姆的性格特征、突出文本局部主题起到了重要作用。从爱尔兰东方学视角来看,小说里有关东方语言（汉语）及文化意象揭示了古老的东方文明与爱尔兰文明在语言、文化之间的源远流长的关系,增强了布卢姆和爱尔兰人民对东方语言、文化的认同感和归属感,同时,这种隐蔽而巧妙的叙事策略是乔伊斯和其他现代爱尔兰作家反对殖民主义、帝国主义的有力武器,充分体现了乔伊斯的思想和艺术境界。     

Immigrant and native financial well-being: The roles of place of education and race/ethnicity

Immigrants’ integration into U.S. society has occupied the interest of both scholars and the general public throughout the nation’s history. This paper draws on and refines dominance-differentiation theory to explore how immigrants’ place of education (whether they completed their education in the United States or abroad) and racial/ethnic status differentially affect their ability to integrate into U.S. society. Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation and wealth attainment as an indicator of economic integration, this paper finds mixed evidence for dominance-differentiation theory. Foreign education is associated with lower wealth attainment and race/ethnicity serves as an important stratifying factor for blacks and Latinos; however, there is little support for the theory when comparing the wealth attainment of immigrants with their same-race/co-ethnic native-born peers. This paper concludes with a discussion of why place of education matters for wealth attainment in the United States and explores its implications for both educational and racial/ethnic stratification among U.S. immigrants.     

Navigating “illegality”: Undocumented youth & oppositional consciousness

In recent years, a vibrant political movement has emerged, led by a sector previously thought to be too vulnerable to engage in public protest-undocumented youth. This article explores the experiences of undocumented youth and their emergent activism. I posit that growing up within the context of dominant discourses regarding immigration in a moment marked by a re-entrenchment of borders and citizenship shapes not only the lived experiences, but also the political consciousness of many undocumented young people. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic research with undocumented Latino youth activists in California, this article argues that oppositional consciousness is forged through the constant navigation of “illegality”. I examine two sites upon which this navigation takes place – the negotiation of fear and shame and the navigation of the exclusion – and explore the way in which negotiation of “illegality” in these sites of daily life contributes to the development of an oppositional consciousness.     

Political Transformation and the Reinvention of the Ulster-Scots Identity and Culture

In the 1990s, Ulster-Scots language and culture was mobilized by some Ulster unionists in Northern Ireland as a badge of their cultural identity. The Ulster-Scots language and culture had its eighteenth century, premodern heyday in the north-eastern counties of the north of Ireland where it expressed distinctiveness from English and Englishness. However, in common with many regional dialects elsewhere in Europe, the processes of modernization signalled the demise of Ulster-Scots. The contemporary reinvention of an Ulster-Scots identity was precipitated by the 1990s political transformation of Northern Ireland. This reinvention has multiple manifestations. It is, variously, a myth of origin, a language and culture, a communal consciousness, a reaction against Irish nationalist cultural assertiveness in Northern Ireland, an embryonic nationalism, and a component part of the British identity. Ultimately, the reinvention of the Ulster-Scots cultural narrative appears designed to offset advances made by Irish nationalists in the assertion of their culture in Northern Ireland. Ulster-Scots has also been reinvented in an attempt to provide the Ulster unionist identity with the cultural booster required to deliver security and continuity to an identity experiencing chronic insecurity and doubt during a period of political transformation. However, the ability of Ulster-Scots to deliver on these aims is questionable.     

State Welfare and the Development of Voluntary Action: The Case of Ireland,North and South

This paper considers the development of voluntary action in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Drawing on research conducted during 2002–2003 at the Centre for Voluntary Action Studies at the University of Ulster and funded by the Royal Irish Academy, it is argued that the way that voluntary and community organizations developed in Ireland’s two jurisdictions after the partition of the island in 1922 illuminates debates on the role of states in structuring the civic space in which voluntary action occurs. It illustrates, in particular, the interaction of state policy drivers with the cultural and ideological forces that shape voluntary action. Analysis lends support to the view that state action, together with cultural trends and social capital resources, is the crucial determinant of how the voluntary sector develops in a jurisdiction.     

“走西口”移民在推动包头城市社会变迁中的作用

包头市是一个典型的移民城市。清朝至民国年间,以旅蒙商为主体的＂走西口＂移民大潮直接推动了包头旧城的形成;促进包头商业和金融业的兴盛、土地关系的变化和社会风尚的变迁,使包头成为＂皮毛一动百业兴＂的商业城市。