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811.
B.C. Arnold A. Becker U. Gather H. Zahedi 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》1984,9(2):147-154
The order statistics from a sample of size n≥3 from a discrete distribution form a Markov chain if and only if the parent distribution is supported by one or two points. More generally, a necessary and sufficient condition for the order statistics to form a Markov chain for (n≥3) is that there does not exist any atom x0 of the parent distribution F satisfying F(x0-)>0 and F(x0)<1. To derive this result a formula for the joint distribution of order statistics is proved, which is of an interest on its own. Many exponential characterizations implicitly assume the Markov property. The corresponding putative geometric characterizations cannot then be reasonably expected to obtain. Some illustrative geometric characterizations are discussed. 相似文献
812.
This paper constructs a two-country migration model in the lines of Galor (1986), in which the world population consists of individuals of two types who have different time preferences. Production uses three inputs: mobile labour, immobile capital and land. It is shown that both countries are necessarily inhabited by agents of both types and exhibit equal density of population and equal interest rate at the steady state equilibrium of the integrated economy. The steady state welfare implications of international labour migration are studied.This paper has been written during Philippe Michel's visit at CORE, September 1994. Earlier drafts of this paper have been presented at the meeting Journées d'étude générations imbriquées (Marseille, November 24–26, 1994), at the ESPE conference (Lisbon, June 1–3, 1995) and at the EEA annual meeting (Prag, September 1–3, 1995). Comments by participants are gratefully acknowledged. We are also grateful to Stéphane Déo, Kamhon Kan, Pierre Pestieau, Christoph Schmidt and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. The usual disclaimer applies.Responsible editor: Alessandro Cigno 相似文献
813.
This paper reports data from a pilot study designed to determine the practicality and utility of two differing needs assessment methodologies: social indicators analysis and key informants surveys. The authors found social indicators analysis successfully identified differential areas of need within the SMSA which served as the research site. They suggest it is a practical and valid means for assessing human service needs at a general level. The key informants survey was judged to be less useful. Informants generally were unable to identify the extent of differing types of needs or their geographic distribution. It is suggested additional research utilizing differing designs must be completed before meaningful conclusions can be reached about the utility of the key informants survey as a needs assessment method. 相似文献
814.
Gully KJ 《Evaluation and program planning》1980,3(2):105-109
Needs assessment is essential input for program planning. Little data are, however, available about the various approaches and whether strategies for needs assessment are viable. It was found by an inexpensive methodology that opinions about the importance of various services, opinions about the potential acceptance of services, services provided, and the total need for services are interrelated. A hybrid approach that utilized data from teachers and the people that provide mental health services was also a practical means to obtain information about the unmet needs of children and adolescents in the country. Data supported the value of this technique for the assessment of the unmet needs of children and adolescents. Thus, an inexpensive methodology can provide useful information from multiple perspectives. 相似文献
815.
C. Ahn G.G. Koch L. Paynter J.S. Preisser F. Seillier-Moiseiwitsch 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2007
We discuss a general application of categorical data analysis to mutations along the HIV genome. We consider a multidimensional table for several positions at the same time. Due to the complexity of the multidimensional table, we may collapse it by pooling some categories. However, the association between the remaining variables may not be the same as before collapsing. We discuss the collapsibility of tables and the change in the meaning of parameters after collapsing categories. We also address this problem with a log-linear model. We present a parameterization with the consensus output as the reference cell as is appropriate to explain genomic mutations in HIV. We also consider five null hypotheses and some classical methods to address them. We illustrate methods for six positions along the HIV genome, through consideration of all triples of positions. 相似文献
816.
The notion of generalized power of a positive definite symmetric matrix and a related notion of generalized Bessel function are used to introduce an extension of the class of matrix generalized inverse Gaussian distributions. The new distributions are shown to arise as conditional distributions of Peirce components of Riesz random matrices. Things are explained in the modern framework of symmetric cones and simple Euclidean Jordan algebra. 相似文献
817.
We compare results for stochastic volatility models where the underlying volatility process having generalized inverse Gaussian (GIG) and tempered stable marginal laws. We use a continuous time stochastic volatility model where the volatility follows an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck stochastic differential equation driven by a Lévy process. A model for long-range dependence is also considered, its merit and practical relevance discussed. We find that the full GIG and a special case, the inverse gamma, marginal distributions accurately fit real data. Inference is carried out in a Bayesian framework, with computation using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We develop an MCMC algorithm that can be used for a general marginal model. 相似文献
818.
In a large representative sample of young Norwegian workers, we estimate gross transitions to unemployment, education, and
other exits in a multinomial logit. In line with received literature, we find that individuals with high education, experience,
and income have significantly lower probabilities of job exits. While female education rates have increased to surpass those
of males, female labour market outcomes are still more responsive to family related background characteristics as compared
with the outcomes for males.
Received: 17 October 1996/Accepted: 5 March 1999 相似文献
819.
Of rotten kids and Rawlsian parents: The optimal timing of intergenerational transfers 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Hendrik Jürges 《Journal of population economics》2000,13(1):147-157
This paper shows that altruistic parents with utilitarian preferences may fare better if they transfer resources to their children early in life instead of delaying the bulk of transfers
until after their death. Moreover, the outcome of the analysed “family transfer game” is not Pareto-efficient in the case
of bequests. However, if altruistic parents hold Rawlsian preferences, they will be indifferent between gifts and bequests, and Pareto-efficiency is always obtained. In intermediate
cases of Atkinson-type welfare functions, welfare losses of bequests compared to gifts disappear as the aversion to inequality
converges to infinity.
Received: 3 November 1998/Accepted: 4 May 1999 相似文献
820.
The socioeconomic consequences of young women's childbearing: Reconciling disparate evidence 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
David C. Ribar 《Journal of population economics》1999,12(4):547-565
Recent studies have begun to examine rigorously the links between early childbearing and subsequent socioeconomic status.
Prominent in this literature has been a set of analyses that have used sibling fixed effects models to control for omitted
variables bias. These studies report that the siblings difference procedure leads to smaller estimates of the effects of teen
fertility than does standard regression analysis. While it is well known that the siblings fixed effects procedure makes strong
assumptions regarding the type of omitted variables and is not necessarily robust to alternative assumptions, the assumptions
of the procedure have not been explicitly examined. This paper uses 1979–1992 data from the National Longitudinal Survey of
Youth to compare estimates of the income and education consequences of teenage and young adult fertility from standard regression
and siblings fixed effects models with estimates from more general, alternative siblings models.
Received: 19 January 1998/Accepted: 6 April 1999 相似文献