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31.
Jean‐François Coeurjolly Jesper Møller Rasmus Waagepetersen 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2017,44(1):192-203
This paper establishes a remarkable result regarding Palm distributions for a log Gaussian Cox process: the reduced Palm distribution for a log Gaussian Cox process is itself a log Gaussian Cox process that only differs from the original log Gaussian Cox process in the intensity function. This new result is used to study functional summaries for log Gaussian Cox processes. 相似文献
32.
Yasutaka Shimizu 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2017,44(4):951-988
Consider a process satisfying a stochastic differential equation with unknown drift parameter, and suppose that discrete observations are given. It is known that a simple least squares estimator (LSE) can be consistent but numerically unstable in the sense of large standard deviations under finite samples when the noise process has jumps. We propose a filter to cut large shocks from data and construct the same LSE from data selected by the filter. The proposed estimator can be asymptotically equivalent to the usual LSE, whose asymptotic distribution strongly depends on the noise process. However, in numerical study, it looked asymptotically normal in an example where filter was chosen suitably, and the noise was a Lévy process. We will try to justify this phenomenon mathematically, under certain restricted assumptions. 相似文献
33.
Studies of the principal-agent relationship find that monetary incentives work in many instances but that they can also backfire. Various mechanisms for this failure have been examined (e.g., intrinsic motivation, image concerns). We posit that an aversion to being exploited, i.e., being used instrumentally for another’s benefit, can also cause incentives to fail. Using an experiment we find that compliance is lower for exploitative principals compared to neutral ones despite using the same contracts. To corroborate our results we show that surveyed “exploitation aversion” mediates this effect. Our results have implications for the design and implementation of incentives within organizations. 相似文献
34.
王娟涓 《西南大学学报(社会科学版)》2004,30(6)
埃德蒙·金是当代较有影响的比较教育学家,其比较教育方法论在比较教育领域具有重要的地位和深远的影响.作为比较教育相对主义研究范式的典型代表,他提出了文化相对主义的比较研究分析框架,并在研究方法上提出了教育洞察法,从而形成了自成一派的比较教育方法论. 相似文献
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37.
This paper examines a wide variety of forms, and full histories, of family structure to test existing theories of family
influences and identify needs for new theories. The focus is on links between childhood family structure and both completed
schooling and risk of a nonmarital birth. Using a 27-year span of panel (PSID) data for U.S. children, we find that: (a) change
is stressful, (b) timing during childhood is relevant, (c) adults other than parents are important, and (d) two more recently
studied family structures (mother-with-grandparent(s) and mother-with-stepfather) do not fit the molds of existing theories.
The findings suggest that new theories should consider allocation of resources and reasons people group into family structures.
Received: 11 September 1998/Accepted: 27 March 2000 相似文献
38.
The purpose of this article is to construct a theoretical framework characterizing the interactions among economic development,
ecosystem equilibrium and possible population decline, and to discuss the population dynamics in the very long run. In our
framework, economic activities bridge population and environment. On the one hand, human beings reform the environment through
economic activities; on the other hand, economic activities decrease environmental resilience and increase the possibility
of an environmental change in a discontinuous and irreversible pattern, as described in Arrow et al. (1995). Furthermore,
a highly developed economy also causes over-specialization of human adaptation, which tends to exaggerate the impact of an
environmental change on human population size.
Received: 19 January 1999/Accepted: 3 July 1999 相似文献
39.
François Bourguignon 《Journal of population economics》1999,12(4):503-521
The collective approach to household consumption behavior tries to infer from variables supposed to affect the general bargaining
position of household members information on the allocation of consumptions goods and tasks among them. This paper investigates
the extension of previous work to the case where children may be considered as a public consumption good by the two adult
members of a household. The main question being asked is whether it is possible to retrieve from the aggregate consumption
behaviour of the household and the relative earnings of the parents information on the allocation of goods between them and
children. This alternative approach to the estimation of the ‘cost of children’ is contrasted with the conventional approach
based on a ‘unitary’ representation of and demographic separability assumptions on household consumption behaviour.
Received: 29 August 1997/Accepted: 26 November 1998 相似文献
40.
Lehr CS 《Journal of population economics》1999,12(4):567-590
This paper shows that financial intermediation can influence fertility and labor allocation decisions by raising market wages.
The increase in wages induces some households to abandon “traditional” labor intensive methods of production managed at the
household level and supply labor to “modern” sector firms. Since it is optimal for households in the modern sector to have
fewer children, the labor allocation decision leads to lower national fertility. A panel VAR using financial intermediation,
fertility and industrial employment share data in 87 countries is estimated. The empirical results show that the data are
consistent with the theoretical predictions.
Received: 20 October 1997/Accepted: 31 August 1998 相似文献