论辞格理论与辞格发展之间的互动

古代修辞理论与辞格发展之间存在着复杂的互动关系。本文通过个案分析,证实了三点:其一,辞格的发展、演变本质上依赖于语言、文体本身提供的可能性,辞格理论的影响只是在发展方向上的诱导,并且这种诱导并不是总能成功;其二,这种诱导以理论被辞格使用者认同为前提,而特定文化背景或文学思潮可增强这种认同感,从而强化诱导;其三,当辞格使用者面对关于这一辞格的不同的甚至对立的理论主张时,他们会作出折中或取舍;而理论创造者面对辞格的发展变化,也有可能作出新的概括或补充。     

Work as a cure for mental illnesses? Opportunism and seeking ways in psychology and psychiatry in the first decades of state socialism in Hungary

ABSTRACT

In Hungary, until the end of the 1940s, there were two main established methods of occupying the mentally ill who were fit for work. From the end of the nineteenth century, a lesser number of patients underwent work therapy in mental asylums, whereas the others were treated with so-called family therapy (otherwise known as the heterofamilial system), exploiting the capacities of families in the countryside. As an important part of this, the mentally ill helped in housekeeping and agricultural work. However, following the political and ideological turn of 1948, the latter form of treatment became debated, and then it was gradually superseded. Parallel to this process, work therapy came to be the most popular type of treatment for mental illnesses, as work formed the basis of the ideology of the communist state, and thus, healing through work harmonized with the general tendencies of the era. This article examines texts related to work therapy published in neurological–psychiatric and psychological journals and monographs between 1954 and 1964. However, although work therapy appeared to be the “handmaiden of ideology,” and even though it was supposed to fulfil a particular role, in reality, the role and perception of work therapy were a lot more complicated.     

将生命还给社会:传记法作为一种总体叙事方式

在田野民族志和历史编纂学中，传记法是一种重要的叙事方式。本文从分析林耀华的作品入手，将其置于20世纪20年代以来的社会学和人类学思想脉络中，并在此基础上探讨传记法在中国历史和社会研究中的潜力与可能性。本文将谱系法、个人生命史和社会生命论归纳为“传记法三角”。在（扩展）谱系法和社会结构论的基础上，生命传记法可以呈现一个或多个人的生命历史，作为大历史中的片段。不过，现象学路径有其自身的限度，不能离开对中央政权本身和总体结构的考察。在“时势”和“社会结构”的变迁过程中呈现生命传记，才不会只是个体的故事，而有希望成为一种对中国“总体”社会生活的有力叙事方式。     

The case of vegetovascular dystonia: inventing the most common Soviet disease

ABSTRACT

The paper considers the case of vegetovascular dystonia, one of the most typical and common “Soviet” diseases. This syndrome emerged in Soviet medicine after World War II, and very quickly become a popular diagnosis among physicians. The author describes how the construct of vegetovascular dystonia was formed and developed, what changes it underwent, and what affected those changes. The concept and history of vegetovascular dystonia can provide an understanding of Soviet medicine and health science in general.     

思想自由·独立思考·大胆质疑——“史学现代化”国际学术研讨会概述

学者们在"史学现代化"国际学术研讨会上就会议主题包括历史的规律、属性、功能与原因、史学观念以及主体与客体、史学现代化的内涵与趋向等史学理论和方法诸重要议题进行了热烈而深入的探讨,并且在有关问题上达成了一定的共识。这无疑会有益于丰富、充实史学的内容,从而把史学现代化推向新高度。     

“春秋笔法”与唐代小说叙事谋略探微

唐代尚史之风弥漫于文坛,造就了小说家特定的知识结构,从而赋予他们以突出的"史才";而许多唐代小说又多与当时的政治现实密切相联,为能自由地抒情言志、寄寓褒贬,于是源于历史叙事传统的"春秋笔法"便成为唐代小说家重要的叙事谋略."春秋笔法"的内涵为:作者不作论断,而是将自己的主观褒贬暗寓于客观冷静的叙事之中;叙事隐晦深曲,讲究匣剑帏灯、旁敲侧击.此二法在唐代小说中得到了充分显示.     

北魏王国国史案的背后——一场特殊形态的华夷文化冲突

北魏王国史上有一个国史案问题,本文从中华文化史学视角揭示国史案背后的华夷文化冲突。文章就"从邓渊到崔浩"、"崔浩的‘国史案’"、"崔浩其人"、"说中华史家之实录传统"四个方面展开讨论。     

金源地区历史地理考证四则

本文对金源地区的曲江县、宜春县、巴刺海山谋克城、寥晦城进行了历史、地理考证。     

额什丁家族史论

考察 14世纪以后的苏非派 ,不应忽视额什丁家族的重要作用。这一家族并不是中亚显赫的家族 ,但在特定时期登上了历史的舞台 ,并且其家族首领扮演了较为特别的角色。同时 ,他们和上层统治者有着千丝万缕的联系。这似乎是一种历史的偶然性或者是巧合 ,但仔细探究当时的历史背景 ,不难看出宗教和政治自身需要的内在互动以及或明或暗的结合 ,完成了家族的双重“使命” ,也为一个王朝的灭亡埋下了伏笔     

格勒特即西平王奥鲁赤考

《佑宁寺志》和调查资料中的格勒特、郭尔朵、额尔丹实为一人 ,“奥丹”是嘉色活佛给格勒特的名字 ,是奥鲁特、丹巴嘉措的简称 ,奥鲁特即西平王奥鲁赤。