利益集团理论

本文通过对管制中的芝加哥利益集团 (俘获 )理论的介绍 ,分析管制的政治经济性质 ,强调管制的实质是通过政治强制权力重新分配资源的过程 ,因此管制的目的主要在于平衡各利益集团的利益差别 ,调整各利益集团在管制市场中的剩余结构 ,增进社会福利     

国内外城市发展总部经济对佛山的启示

总部经济带来的税收贡献、消费带动和社会资本积累等效应,对于推动佛山城市产业结构升级、提升城市功能等具有重要意义。然而,佛山总部经济整体上尚处于萌芽阶段。借鉴国内外与佛山相似的制造业城市发展总部经济的成功经验,得出结论是:佛山发展总部经济应在政府的引导和扶持下,以本身的优势制造业为发展基础,以现代服务业为发展方向,结合佛山的地方特色进行合理定位,同时还应该积极完善配套的现代高端服务业,建设和优化城市载体,为吸引企业总部及高端人才提供有力的支撑和保障。     

Evaluation research in social work

Evaluation research in social work is becoming more varied and is showing signs of greater sophistication. It is taking on new forms and functions in such innovations as single subject designs and developmental research. Field experiments have begun to look more like scientific undertakings aimed at advancing knowledge and less like bad marriages between tight designs and loose programs. Agencies have made a start toward making evaluation a part of routine operations through the introduction of accountability systems and other evaluation mechanisms. In so doing they may be turning away from occasional, splashy projects to a more humdrum, but probably more efficient and useful approach to evaluation.     

Eyes on the Block: Measuring Urban Physical Disorder Through In-Person Observation

In this paper, we present results from measuring physical disorder in Los Angeles neighborhoods. Disorder measures came from structured observations conducted by trained field interviewers. We examine inter-rater reliability of disorder measures in depth. We assess the effects of observation conditions on the reliability of reporting. Finally, we examine the relationships between disorder, other indicators of neighborhood status, and selected individual outcomes.Our results indicate that there is considerable variation in the level of agreement among independent observations across items, although overall agreement is moderate to high. Durable indicators of disorder provide the most reliable measures of neighborhood conditions. Circumstances of observation have statistically significant effects on the observers’ perceived level of disorder. Physical disorder is significantly related to other indicators of neighborhood status, and to children’s reading and behavior development.This result suggests a need for further research into the effects of neighborhood disorder on children.     

芝加哥学派的经验主义研究及其启示

20世纪30年代芝加哥学派在学术界独树一帜,其经验主义取向也丰富了社会学研究的方法论基础。芝加哥学派经验主义研究有着深厚的欧洲社会调查的传统,它的出现满足了当时芝加哥城市发展的需要,并通过帕克、托马斯等学者的研究在美国本土得到蓬勃发展。以托马斯对波兰农民的经验研究为例,可以抽象出芝加哥学派经验主义研究的若干显著特征,这些特征的合理反思可以为中国当前的城市社会研究所用。     

Revitalizing sociology: urban life and mental illness between history and the present

This paper proposes a re‐thinking of the relationship between sociology and the biological sciences. Tracing lines of connection between the history of sociology and the contemporary landscape of biology, the paper argues for a reconfiguration of this relationship beyond popular rhetorics of ‘biologization' or ‘medicalization'. At the heart of the paper is a claim that, today, there are some potent new frames for re‐imagining the traffic between sociological and biological research – even for ‘revitalizing’ the sociological enterprise as such. The paper threads this argument through one empirical case: the relationship between urban life and mental illness. In its first section, it shows how this relationship enlivened both early psychiatric epidemiology, and some forms of the new discipline of sociology; it then traces the historical division of these sciences, as the sociological investment in psychiatric questions waned, and ‘the social' become marginalized within an increasingly ‘biological' psychiatry. In its third section, however, the paper shows how this relationship has lately been revivified, but now by a nuanced epigenetic and neurobiological attention to the links between mental health and urban life. What role can sociology play here? In its final section, the paper shows how this older sociology, with its lively interest in the psychiatric and neurobiological vicissitudes of urban social life, can be our guide in helping to identify intersections between sociological and biological attention. With a new century now underway, the paper concludes by suggesting that the relationship between urban life and mental illness may prove a core testing‐ground for a ‘revitalized' sociology.     

微观经济领域和宏观经济领域干预主义与自由主义论争的比较

微观经济领域和宏观经济领域中干预主义都涉及市场失灵的问题。微观经济领域和宏观经济领域中的自由主义都对政府干预经济的能力和效果表示质疑。无论是在微观经济领域,还是在宏观经济领域,干预主义与自由主义的争论还会持续下去。