国内外土地使用标准体系借鉴

土地资源等环境容量的刚性制约,已成为影响上海经济社会发展的关键因素。在城市规划编制与实施、土地利用管理的过程中,土地使用标准的调整和完善是建设节约集约型城市的前提条件。上海要完善土地使用标准体系,应增加综合用地分类并开展有关功能复合用地指标的研究;建立全市"横向到边、竖向到底"的指标覆盖;强化对公益性设施用地的细分,提高规划公共管理的针对性;加强对不同用地分类与建筑物设施功能利用的引导;转变静态控制方法,适度增加标准体系的开放性。     

新型城镇化与土地制度改革

土地制度改革的核心就是要改计划配置为市场配置。首先,要建立城乡统一、开放、竞争有序的土地市场,为此须转变政府职能,划清政府与市场的界线;改革产权制度,把公有公用的土地公有制改成公有私用的土地公有制;建立城乡统一的土地市场,开放集体土地入市;改革征地制度。其次,要建立适应市场配置的国家宏观调控体系。政府主要有4种调控手段:确立以公众参与式的规划制订办法;正确实施土地用途分区,限制土地使用权,以提高土地利用效率;建立能促进节约用地、优化配置、公平分配土地收益的财税制度,使税收、投资、补贴成为国家调控土地的主要手段;改革行政审批制度,简政放权。     

Influences of misspecification on asymptotic relative efficiency of coefficients of determination: Application to agriculture

Violation of correct specification may cause some undesirable results such as biased logistic regression coefficients and less efficient test statistics. In this paper, asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE) of various coefficients of determination in misspecified binary logistic regression models is investigated. Seven types of misspecification have been included. ARE of test statistics for exponential and Weibull distributions as a method of calculating optimal cutpoints is derived to demonstrate misspecification. Theoretical relationships between coefficients of determination have also been analyzed. Extensive simulations using bootstrap method and a real data application reveal more efficient one under various modeling scenarios.     

聚集还是稳定？——对近年农村土地制度创新的历史反思

文章针对近年出现的土地聚集(农业用地规模经营和集中宅基地)现象,从理论上对其带来的问题进行了归纳,强调了政府实施新制度的高成本。然后,借助对中外历史事实的系统与深入的反思指出,不论是从博弈还是克服制度变革成本的视角,近年趋向土地聚集的创新不能算作明智之举,土地制度应该按照既有的路径稳步前进。     

对我国银行业进入第二波融资高峰期的几点认识

目前我国上市银行融资和再融资活动的基本现状和特征,说明我国银行业已步入第二波融资高峰期,其产生主要缘于新的宏观经济背景、信贷扩张和资本监管要求的提高。尽管通过市场化手段——资本市场的融资和再融资方式可以解决上市银行的资本充足率不足问题,但鉴于上市银行具有天然的再融资冲动与偏好,因此,实现银行经营方式从以信贷资产规模扩张为主导的外延粗放型向内涵集约型增长转变,才是遏制未来上市银行无节制的再融资冲动与需求的可行之路。     

Ad hoc rural regionalism

A new regionalism has been much documented and researched for metropolitan areas; this article documents that there is a new rural regionalism as well. In the United States, these groups appear most likely to emerge in areas that are challenged by outcomes characterizing globalization's effects on the rural condition: namely, exurban or metropolitan sprawl and the resulting landscape fragmentation, often in combination with extreme pressure on the profitability of small farms or other resource uses. This research asks: what impetus is behind rural regional efforts; and what sort of processes of institutionalization do these groups utilize? The paper builds on theory developed by the new regional geographers over the last twenty years, most notably Anne Gilbert and Anssi Paasi, and applies the theoretical framework to three North American case studies in what can be classified as ad hoc rural initiatives in contested landscapes, initiated by local or grassroots actors to foster a specific conceptualization of region. While specific programming varies for different groups, rural regionalism addressed the balance between and interconnections of landscape and land use change, social networks, economic viability, and impacts of global industry. Central to the case studies are actors' efforts to create a regional identity, including forming institutions, defining regional boundaries, and identifying social/symbolic shapes for the region. The research discusses the importance of viewing regionalization through the lens of agency.     

试论唐前期均田制在西域地区的实施

唐朝时期 ,西域作为重要的边疆地区 ,一直受到中央政府的重视。特别是从唐太宗至唐玄宗的百余年间 ,唐政府曾从经济、政治及思想文化等方面对西域地区进行了大力开发。均田制的实施 ,就是其中重要内容之一。这有助于促进边疆的农业 ,发展民族经济 ,巩固西北边防 ,维护国家统一。     

试论土地增值税的保留与完善

针对取消或停征土地增值税的说法,着重分析应当保留土地增值税的几个理由,并特别强调土地增值税在抑制投机、防止虚热方面所特有的"自动稳定器"的功能。结合国有土地实行年租制改革的可能以及日趋成熟的改革房地产税的研究,提出对土地增值税适当作些调整,使之长期发挥作用的建议。     

中国西北地区人口增长对土地退化的驱动作用分析

文章通过定性定量分析西北地区人口增长与粮食生产系统和土地压力响应之间的相关关系,发现人口的增长主要与耕地面积的扩展有较强相关性,与单位粮食亩产增加等变量指标的关系较弱。进一步分析发现,即便是在人口增长与耕地扩大的关系中,实际的耕地增长和粮食需求也远远大于实际人口增长的需求,由此可以看到在西北地区粮食生产和耕地面积扩大的过程中,人口增长并不如人们一般认为的那样大,人口增长对土地退化只能承担一部分责任,不构成最重要的原因。     

Forecasting, growth management and public policy decision making

This paper's objective is to describe the interplay between forecasting and decision making. It shows how a forecast helped shape public policy and, in turn, how public policy influenced a forecast, within the context of the growth management effort underway in the San Diego region. The forecast identified economic challenges and land use issues facing the region and public policy actions were developed to address them. Normative forecasting best describes the relationship between the forecast and these public policy decisions. This active approach to forecasting involves first deciding what future outcome is desirable and, then, designing policies and actions to achieve these outcomes.