Missionary ethnographers in Upper‐Tonkin: the early years, 1895–1920

Little is known of the contributions of French missionaries to early highland ethnography in the mountainous north of Vietnam (then Tonkin) at the time of colonial contact, a period defined here as 1895–1920. This paper investigates how a handful of men from the Catholic Société des Missions Étrangères de Paris contributed significant amounts of text from their postings in remote parts of the Upper‐Tonkin (Haut‐Tonkin) vicariate, and in some cases Southwest China. A selection of their prose is presented and its ethnographic value appraised, bringing to light the authors in their context as well as the texts themselves. It is assessed in conclusion that, despite their uneven importance as a source for ethnography, these texts nevertheless constitute a unique supply of information on the populations they describe.     

西域地名语属语意类型探析

西域地名的语属分布情况、形成历史过程及民族语类别;西域地名语属的不确定方面;西域地名语意的文 化意义、语意类别及最具代表性语意地名等。     

合作型对话中学习者语言水平与二语学习关系研究

通过定量研究检测了在合作型对话活动中学习者的语言水平与他们二语学习之间的关系：48名不同语言水平的受试分为三组,即高-高水平组,高-低水平组与低-低水平组,每组16人,每组8对;48名受试通过不同的组合方式完成5个步骤的合作写作任务。结果显示在合作型对话活动中,受试的语言水平对他们产出的相关语言片段和他们的二语学习有显著影响,且受试语言水平越高,他们产出的相关语言片段越多,二语学习效果越明显。     

以语言应用为目的的高校英语教学设计

传统的教育模式长期以来都是应试教育,课堂教学也以讲授为主,已经不再能够满足社会对人才的需求。当前的英语教育要以提升学生的应用能力为目的进行,将传统的教学模式改变,形成新的英语教学模式,以适应社会对人才的需求,培养学生的语言应用能力为目标,进行新型英语教学模式的设计。下面本文就对以语言应用为目的的高校英语教学设计进行探讨。     

"They Have More Money but I Speak Better English!" Transnational Encounters between Filipina Domestics and Taiwanese Employers)

This article explores how Taiwanese employers and Filipina migrant domestic workers negotiate their class locations and identities, with an emphasis on the symbolic struggles surrounding linguistic exchanges in transnational contexts. Taiwanese newly rich employers validate their middle-classhood with the consumption of migrant labor service and the investment of English tutoring for their children. Filipinas flee underpaid middle-class occupations in their stagnant national economy to work as foreign maids; they maneuver their linguistic capital, inherited from the American colonizer, to enhance their status vis- -vis Taiwanese employers. This South-to-South employment relationship illustrates the ambiguous micropolitics of producing class boundaries. The English language serves as a means of symbolic domination and resistance in their daily communication and job negotiation.     

Performing the role of ethnographer: processing and managing the emotional dimensions of prison research

This article presents a reflective account of the emotional dimensions of in-depth field research in prisons. Drawing on the work of Goffman to make sense of ethnographic processes and techniques, it is argued that performance and impression management play crucial roles in the research process. However, it is suggested that there are commensurate emotional costs associated with the roles and identities that ethnographers might enact in the field. It is argued that the finer details of ethnographic practice can be better understood when the emotional dimensions of research experiences are carefully analysed and processed.     

论语言适应论的语境生成观

语言适应论框架下的语境论是一种以适应性为核心的生成观,它认为语境不是给定的,而是一个动态的受限生成过程。这种生成观将语境的建构性、自组织性、受限性与涌现性的关系的认识,提出到一个新的理论层面,它具有三个显著特征:1."生成"是受限的;2.语境生成的"过程"重于生成的"结果";3."生成"是涌现的。     

The use of celebrity scandals and sensational news for identity negotiations: analyzing gossip among the queers within Taiwanese families

Since the late 1990s, Taiwanese celebrity scandals and sensational news stories have addressed how the families of gay children understand the latters' idiosyncratic sexual identity. Conducting studies on audience reception and searching for divergent readings were once useful means of understanding resistance and resilience among marginalized groups. This study of the interactive interpretive practices among viewers in a family further contextualizes the dialectical formation of queer1^1. In this study, I use the term queer to refer to the larger lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered and questioning (LGBTQ) community in Taiwan. However, since the usage of gay and lesbian is more common than that of queer in Taiwanese everyday conversations, I use gay and lesbian when referring to the context of family conversations. Since the early 1990s, Tóng-zhì (vernacular for queer) has become the most common name for the younger generation in the LGBT community in the Greater Chinese area. According to Chou Wah-Shan (2000 Chou, W. (2000). Tongzhi: Politics of same-sex eroticism in Chinese societies. New York: Haworth Press. [Google Scholar], p. 2), Tóng-zhì was coined as a means of signifying “politics beyond the homo-hetero duality” and “integrating the sexual into the social”. Specifically, the social networks I am referring to here are the Taiwan Tong-Zhi Hotline Foundation and the Persons with HIV/AIDS Rights Advocacy Association. In the former Tong-Zhi Hotline, I worked as a volunteer and an advisor; in the latter, I am a member of the steering committee, and I serve on the advisory board. subjectivities in Taiwan, a society that emphasizes the performance of an appropriate self in social relations and maintaining family harmony. Over a three-year period of fieldwork in Taipei, this study employed ethnographic methods to interview 16 gay men and lesbians and their mothers in order to clarify how celebrity scandals and sensational news function as a site for identity negotiation within families with gay children. This study argues that vernacular interpretive practices within families produce resources of resistance, accommodation and even pleasure, which can be used to understand the nascent Taiwanese gay identity in relation to significant others.     

Family members’ experiences and management of resident-to-resident abuse in long-term residential care

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Resident-to-resident (RRA) abuse is increasingly recognized as a significant problem in long-term residential care.Families have a constant presence in this setting, yet their inclusion in research about RRA is minimal. The purpose of this study was to examine family members’ experiences and management of RRA. Methods: The methodology was critical ethnography.Twelve family members participated in in-depth interviews and 56 hours of participant observation were conducted. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: The main themes illuminate families’ experiences of RRA in a context that largely normalizes it.In the absence of formal supports, families developed a range of management strategies, ranging from passive to active intervention.Organizational factors, such as staffing levels and mix, and the physical environment also contributed to RRA. Discussion: Families are actively managing RRA in long-term residential care. Policies and programs, including educational supports, should be developed to validate and support families.     

Bridges

ABSTRACT

This article explores the relationship between the thinking, feeling, moving body, and a city's industrial architecture. It takes as its fieldwork site the Brooklyn, Manhattan, Williamsburg and 59th Street bridges that dominate downtown New York, and uses this to present an ethnographic understanding of lived experience as a continuous sensory exchange between mind, body, and world. New York's bridges, towering 300 feet into the air and 7,000 feet across, established a new sense of scale against which citizens could compare their finite, organic bodies. The article draws upon a practice-based research project, New York Stories, for which I recorded more than a hundred interior dialogues of random strangers as they moved around the city. People's movement across bridges, reveals them to be complex sites of perception, sensation, and experience, which generate ongoing streams of interior dialogue ranging from the trivial to the tragic. For when walking across a bridge people are no longer attached to the land or part of the city but are instead partially in the sky above the water, “making strange” the sense of being on the ground, and subjecting people to various delirious effects including vertigo, flying, and falling, before reaching the other side. It is a story told through words and images in the form of a photo-essay with accompanying text that derives from the practice-based ethnography that is also available in video and audible form online.