Girls@Play

This paper reports on findings from a three-year, Canadian federally funded research project entitled “Education, Gender and Gaming” in which we documented the play practices of girls and boys playing console-based games. We show, in particular, how many of the presumptions and assumptions about “girls playing games” simply do not hold over time, or given a particular context. We therefore attempt to show how our research practices and methodologies help to shape what we have thus far taken as “evidence” or “facts” about gender and illustrate how some of those presumptions might not necessarily hold over time or given different contexts.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Distributed Perception: Co‐Operation between Sense‐Able,Actionable, and Accountable Semiotic Agents

Perception is not just a cognitive, private experience, but achieved in and through interactive and practical actions in co‐operation with other semiotic agents. This article contributes to work on multisensory perception that is distributed as an interactional phenomenon between agents. Based on video‐ethnographic research conducted among visually impaired people, and an ethnomethodological, conversation‐analytical framework, the article contributes findings about the most basic sensory characteristics of distributed perception: co‐operation between sense‐able, action‐able, accountable semiotic agents that can communicate multisensorial information in order to solve situated and emerging problems together.     

Midwives must,obstetricians may: An ethnographic exploration of how policy documents organise intrapartum fetal monitoring practice

BackgroundThe capacity for midwifery to improve maternity care is under-utilised. Midwives have expressed limits on their autonomy to provide quality care in relation to intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring.AimTo explore how the work of midwives and obstetricians was textually structured by policy documents related to intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring.MethodsInstitutional Ethnography, a critical qualitative approach was used. Data were collected in an Australian hospital with a central fetal monitoring system. Midwives (n = 34) and obstetricians (n = 16) with experience working with the central fetal monitoring system were interviewed and observed. Policy documents were collected and analysed.FindingsMidwives’ work was strongly structured by policy documents that required escalation of care for any CTG abnormality. Prior to being able to escalate care, midwives were often interrupted by other clinicians uninvited entry into the room in response to the CTG seen at the central monitoring station. While the same collection of documents guided the work of both obstetricians and midwives, they generated the expectation that midwives must perform certain tasks while obstetricians may perform others. Midwifery work was textually invisible.Discussion and conclusionOur findings provide a concrete example of the way policy documents both reflect and generate power imbalances in maternity care. Obstetric ways of knowing and doing are reinforced within these documents and continue to diminish the visibility and autonomy of midwifery. Midwifery organisations are well placed to co-lead policy development and reform in collaboration with maternity consumer and obstetric organisations.     

语言人类学阐释

语言人类学的研究内容包括:作为文化资源(culturalresource)的语言、作为社会实践(socialpractice)的语言、作为历史记忆的语言、作为话语权力的语言。语言人类学的研究是围绕形式、内容与意义来进行的;要掌握语言人类学的本质,首先要弄清它们之间的关系及有关讨论的脉络;语言人类学把语言作为社会实践来研究,具有独特、深远的意义。     

话语连贯性的顺应视角分析

Jef.Verschueren在其语用综观论的基础上提出的顺应理论,认为使用语言的过程就是基于语言内部和外部结构,在不同意识程度下不断作出语言选择的过程。根据维索尔伦的语言顺应论研究话语的连贯性,有利于语篇学和语用学互动式发展;更重要的是,可以给语言使用者一些有益启发。     

浅谈大卫·希顿的《道德经》译本的失与误

大卫·希顿的《道德经》译本由于语言障碍和文化差异而产生了表层翻译、欠额翻译甚至完全误译。为了避免这些问题,译者不能过于拘泥于《道德经》语言的字面结构或只停留在表层含义上,应该透过文字的表层结构去挖掘其深层意义。     

应用型本科院校专业英语综合技能三维实训体系的探索和构建

应用型本科院校可以尝试从课堂、课外和服务社会三个方面来构建三维立体的专业英语综合技能实训体系。既可以促进师生转变英语语言教学观念,又可以给学生提供大量的听说读写译等专业技能训练的机会和平台,营造良好的英语学习和应用氛围。     

人类学民族志的方志渊源

我们承认人类学、民族志等概念来自西方的同时,也不应忽视方志学意义的民族志对人类学意义民族志构成的影响和渗透。一方面,方志民族志与人类学民族志共享着“志”的功能,即对资料性的强调;另一方面,方志民族志也影响了人类学民族志田野考察的时间长度和研究深度。     

中国六城市休闲制约因素研究——以民族志学的方法

在中国六城市中,基于研究对象的自主重要性,可以把休闲制约因素分成相对清晰的八种类型.而且,较之于社会心理学抽象地把休闲制约因素分为诸如"个体内部的"或 "结构的"等制约因素,以民族志学的方法所提供的休闲制约因素对各级政府官员和休闲服务行业更有价值.今后更多的研究应该需要清楚地把休闲制约因素重新分类,即基于研究样本所提供的信息(民族志学法)而不是被研究者强加(社会心理学法)去分类休闲制约因素.