19世纪中叶至一战前夕伦敦工人的住房状况

伦敦作为英国的政治、经济、文化中心,一直对外来人口拥有很强的吸引力。自工业革命以来,大量人口移居伦敦,造成伦敦人口的急剧膨胀,而移居中的大部分都是贫穷的工人。面对这种状况,从中央到地方的政府仍完全根据“自由放任”的精神去处理,结果造成城市房屋奇缺,卫生设施不健全,出现严重的住房问题。19世纪中期以后,面对严重的住房问题,政府和社会共同努力一道设法解决,到第一次世界大战前夕,工人的住房问题终于有了一定的改善。     

孙中山伦敦被难的根源及其历史影响

孙中山走上反清革命道路并成为中国民主革命的先行者,其民主革命思想经历了一个曲折的演变过程。伦敦被难是这一演变过程中的重要阶段。伦敦被难的根源就是孙中山的反清革命活动触动了清朝统治的根基,伦敦被难事件对中国的民主革命进程产生了重要影响。也正是从伦敦被难开始,孙中山民主革命的思想更加成熟,形成了指导辛亥革命的三民主义思想体系的雏形,并转变成一个坚定的民主主义革命者。     

Transactions of the Statistical Society of London (1837)

Summary. The Transactions of the Statistical Society of London (1837) appeared before the journal of the Royal Statistical Society began publication and represents the substantial statistical work that had been undertaken in the early years of the existence of the Society. The contents of this publication are summarized here against the historical background of the time.     

Evolutionary Resilience and Strategies for Climate Adaptation

The aim of this study is to develop a framework by drawing on three broad perspectives on resilience, engineering, ecological and evolutionary, and to use this framework to critically examine the approach adopted by the draft London climate change adaptation strategy. The central argument of the study is that the Strategy's emergency planning-centred approach to climate adaptation veers between a standard ecological understanding of resilience and the more rigid engineering model. Its emphasis is on identifying ‘exposure’ and ‘vulnerability’ to risk from climate events and on bouncing back from the consequences of such exposures to a normal state, rather than on the dynamic process of transformation to a more desirable trajectory. The study concludes that fostering resilience involves planning for not only recovery from shocks but also cultivating preparedness, and seeking potential transformative opportunities which emerge from change.     

浅析杰克·伦敦小说《铁蹄》中的“二元视角”

杰克·伦敦的小说《铁蹄》因其表现革命主题而在文学史上享有很高的地位。评论界在抬高作品革命主题的同时,却贬低了作品的艺术价值,忽视了"二元视角"叙事模式的运用,从而也影响了对作品主题的理解和认识。因此,为了更进一步理解该作品的思想价值和艺术特征,对作品中"二元视角"叙事模式做出研究是相当必要的。。     

Cooperation between politicians and econometricians and the search for optimal economic policy

The problem of formalizing the cooperation between politicians and econometricians as an iterative—or trial and error—process, such that the weights in a preference function can be obtained in a finite number of steps, is considered. The approach is based on the pioneering suggestions made by Tinbergen and Frisch within the framework of a formal theory of economic policy. Using the implicit information given by a possible and implementable dialogue between a policy maker and a model builder it is shown that it is possible to take into account explicitly the interdependence between targets, instruments, and weights.     

Thinking through Domestic Pluralities

Abstract

This article reflects on the meanings of home and domestic space among a group of women, who over the past five decades or so have sought to create alternative public and intimate living spaces. The protagonists who enact the ethnographic narrative are a small group of older lesbians, mainly feminist activists, residing in the metropolis of London. In this article, their life experiences are recounted through memories of domestic space, mainly that of the kitchen. I explore the way the domestic kitchen is experienced, spoken about, and imagined by this specific group of women. In this ethnography, the kitchen emerges as a contested, transformative, and political domestic space. Throughout, I illustrate how this seemingly private space is in fact entangled with larger notions of culture, society, kinship, and politics; and, like the everyday, is fraught with norms, codes and pluralities, and also with emotions, deviations, contestation, and transgression.     

世界城市功能区空间结构演变浅析——以纽约、东京、伦敦为例

纽约、东京、伦敦是公认的三大顶级世界城市,本文在分析其功能区空间结构的基础上,重点比较了它们空间演替模式和轨迹的差异,以及它们在功能区空间结构、人Lq集散与居住区变迁、CBD的形成演变以及产业结构调整与空间布局等方面的相似性。     

The new ‘twice migrants’: motivations,experiences and disillusionments of Italian-Bangladeshis relocating to London

Taking our cue from an earlier study of East African Asians who ‘onward-migrated’ to the UK in the 1960s and 1970s, this paper looks at the more recent phenomenon of Bangladeshi immigrants in Italy who are onward-migrating to London. We seek to answer three questions. First, why does this migration occur? Second, how does the ethnic group we call ‘Italian-Bangladeshis’ narrate their working lives in London and to what extent do they feel ‘at home’ there? Third, what are the gaps between their expectations held before the move and the actual social and economic conditions they encounter in London? Empirical evidence comes from 40 in-depth interviews with Italian-Bangladeshis who have already onward-migrated or plan to. Most Italian-Bangladeshis move to London to escape socially limiting factory work in Italy, to invest in the educational future of their children, and to join the largest Bangladeshi community outside of their home country. In London, they describe feeling more ‘at home’ than in Italy, due to the size and multiple facilities of the Bangladeshi community, their lack of ‘visibility’ and of racialisation, and the greater sense of religious freedom. But their onward-migration experience has its more negative sides: the inability to access more than low-paid casual work in London’s service economy, the cost of housing, and the difficulty of making social contacts beyond their ethnic community, especially with those they regard as ‘natives’, i.e. ‘white’ British.     

理性的取舍 机会的把握 生命的热爱——试析杰克·伦敦《热爱生命》的哲理意蕴

生命是人生中最宝贵的财富,因此人人都应该热爱生命。杰克·伦敦的《热爱生命》诠释了很多生命的哲理:它告诉我们人只有热爱生命,才能得到命运的眷顾。人只要有信念,就有成功的希望。面对种种逆境的挑战,人只有勇于坚持,与命运抗争,把握好每一丝机会,并且对财富有理性的取舍,才能取得最后的胜利。现实生活中,金钱固然重要,可是与生命比起来,它却变得无足轻重。因此,为了生存,我们必须放弃那些"金块"。