属性值为区间数的多属性决策对象排序研究

多属性决策问题的实质利用已有决策信息,通过一定方式对备选方案进行排序和择优。针对属性值为区间数的多属性决策对象排序问题,首先,提出决策对象优势关系这一概念,再次,得出决策对象的优势关系与其属性值两端点的实数值之和存在等价关系;最后,利用属性值为区间数的多属性决策实例对该算法进行了实例分析,并利用优势关系对决策对象进行排序并择优。     

预测心理行为活动的新变量——T水平

睾丸酮水平(Testosterone level, T水平)是一种反映个体心理行为活动差异的新变量.T水平与认知活动、配偶选择、社会优势以及风险决策等问题的研究显示T水平是一个信度与效度较好的测量指数.T水平的变化受到社会背景在内的一些因素调节.进化理论可以整合与分析T水平相关的研究成果.T水平研究需要注意一些问题,如不同方法与不同的时间点的T水平有波动,解决这些问题可以通过引入元分析等方法.未来的研究可以深入探讨性嫉妒、行为决策等领域与T水平的关系.     

Combinatorial Optimization in Real-Time Scheduling: Theory and Algorithms

Real-time computer systems are essential for many applications, such as robot control, avionics, medical instrumentation, manufacturing, etc. The correctness of the system depends on the temporal correctness as well as the functional correctness of the task executions. In order to assure temporal correctness it is necessary that the resources be scheduled to meet the temporal requirements of applications. When we consider the problem of nonpreemptive scheduling of a set of tasks in a processor for which no feasible solution exists, some tasks may have to be rejected so that a schedule can be generated for the rest. In this paper, we consider the problem of generating an optimal schedule such that the number of rejected tasks is minimized, and then the finish time is minimized for the accepted tasks. We propose to use an analytic approach to solve this problem. We first discuss the super sequence based technique which was originally proposed for reducing the search space in testing the feasibility of a task set. Then we show by the Conformation theorem that the super sequence constructed from the task set also provides a valid and reduced search space for the optimization problem. While the complexity of our scheduling algorithm in the worst case remains exponential, our simulation results show that the cost is reasonable for the average case.     

Head Canting in Paintings: An Historical Study

Head canting, a lateral shift of the head toward the shoulder axis, was examined in 1498 figures in the complete works of 11 painters from the XIV to the XX century: Martini, van Eyck Hubert and Jan, Holbein, Carracci, Velazquez, Rembrandt, Degas, Cèzanne, Klimt, and Modigliani. All figures (up to 9 in any one painting) that were not in complete profile and that were not depicted bowing or shifting their bodies were selected for analysis. Our analysis found a higher frequency (49%) of head canting in paintings than previously reported in naturalistic settings. Head canting was significantly higher in female figures than male figures. If a figure's head was facing laterally, head canting was more likely to be to the contralateral side. Head canting was lower in older figures than in children, youths, and adults. The highest level of head canting was seen in religious and mythological figures. Head canting was lower in figures of artists and professionals and virtually absent in depictions of nobles. Figures in pose were depicted with less head canting than those in natural settings. Head canting was lower in figures gazing toward the observer. Single-figure portraits head canted less than subjects in multiple-figure paintings. Author analysis revealed that head canting was pronounced in painters of religious subjects and in modern painters, whereas its degree was reduced in official portrait painters. These results are discussed in terms of dominance theory.     

高校管理理念的哲学基础与变革

高等学校的教师和科研人员的成熟程度以及高等学校的职能活动,决定教师和科研人员是学校管理的决策主体,行政人员只是为教学和科研服务的辅助性力量。但由于历史和体制方面的原因,“行政权力主导”的管理理念在我国高校已经根深蒂固,并造成了严重的后果。现实要求用“教师权力为主,行政权力为辅”的新管理理念来指导高校的改革,并通过改革来强化这种新的管理理念。     

基于限制优势关系的粗糙决策分析模型

针对信息不完全的偏好多属性决策问题,给出一种基于拓展粗糙集的决策分析模型.首先提出限制优势关系的概念;然后在限制优势关系下得到知识的粗糙近似,给出分类决策规则.对比分析证明,限制优势关系既保留了扩展优势关系的优点,又在一定程度上克服了扩展优势关系的局限性.最后通过一个实例验证了所提出的模型对信息不完备决策系统的处理更符合实际情况。     

Stochastic Dominance: An Approach to Decision Making Under Risk

This paper introduces stochastic dominance as a technique to reduce the set of possible actions that a decision maker must consider in a decision problem under risk. The procedure usually does not choose an optimal action, but instead eliminates certain actions as unacceptable. Very little need be known about the decision maker's utility function. Two possible applications are presented: upgrading buildings to better withstand an earthquake; and choosing a site for a LNG facility.     

A hierarchy of lorenz curves based on the generalized tukey's lambda distribution

A hierarchy of Lorenz curves based on the generalized Tukey's Lambda distribution is proposed. Representations of the corresponding distribution and density function are also provided, together with popular inequality measures. Estimation methods are suggested. Finally, a comparison with other parametric families of Lorenz curves is established.     

Affiliative Structures in Preschool Peer Groups.

Changes in affiliative organization of 15 age-graded toddler and preschool play groups were examined in terms of assessed similarity in patterns of playmate association. Measures of peer association were derived from direct observation of social interaction during free play. The degree of between subject similarity in association profiles was derived using complete linkage hierarchical clustering procedures. Findings revealed distinct social subgroups in all social groups. Secondary analyses showed a linear increase in the size of affiliative subgroups as a function of age. Measures of interactive reciprocity within social subgroups suggested progressive consolidation of affiliative structures with age. Among older children, membership within affiliative subgroups was associated with more frequent preferences for subgroup members. Findings are discussed in terms of how children's insertion within the affiliative network of their peer group constrain socialization of their behavior and provide specific experiences that serve as contexts for the construction of more intimate interpersonal relationships.     

Regret theory with general choice sets

The regret theory of choice under uncertainty proposed by Loomes and Sugden has performed well in explaining and predicting violations of Expected Utility theory. The original version of the model was confined to pairwise choices, which limited its usefulness as an economic theory of choice. Axioms for a more general form of regret theory have been proposed by Loomes and Sugden. In this article, it is shown that a simple nonmanipulability requirement is sufficient to characterize the functional form for regret theory with general choice sets. The stochastic dominance and comparative static properties of the model are outlined. A number of special cases are derived in which regret theory is equivalent to other well-known theories of choice under uncertainty.I would like to thank Graham Loomes, Robert Sugden, Peter Wakker, and Nancy Wallace for helpful comments and criticism.