Bounded Memory and Biases in Information Processing

Before choosing among two actions with state‐dependent payoffs, a Bayesian decision‐maker with a finite memory sees a sequence of informative signals, ending each period with fixed chance. He summarizes information observed with a finite‐state automaton. I characterize the optimal protocol as an equilibrium of a dynamic game of imperfect recall; a new player runs each memory state each period. Players act as if maximizing expected payoffs in a common finite action decision problem. I characterize equilibrium play with many multinomial signals. The optimal protocol rationalizes many behavioral phenomena, like “stickiness,” salience, confirmation bias, and belief polarization.     

发达国家处理劳资关系的经验及启示

劳资关系是现代社会赖以旋转的中心,劳资关系的失衡不仅影响经济的发展,而且危及社会的和谐与稳定。文章简要分析了转轨时期我国劳资关系的现状、问题及成因,采用比较分析方法来总结了发达国家处理劳资关系经验,结合我国劳资领域的实际情况,提出了现阶段协调劳资关系的治理模式：转变工会角色和行为;建立健全劳资关系法律体系,健全相关劳动制度;明确劳资关系三方主体,建立三方协调机制;强化政府在协调企业劳资关系中的责任,加强监管力度。     

江苏省工业能源强度的影响因素分析

江苏省正处于工业化、城镇化加快发展的重要阶段。随着工业的发展,能源消费总量逐年增加。在国家节能减排政策激励下,江苏省单位GDP能耗和单位工业增加值一次能耗呈现出逐年下降的趋势。首先探讨了降低能源强度的必要性,然后从能源消费结构、产业结构、技术进步三方面分析了影响江苏省工业能源强度的因素,最后提出降低能源强度的对策建议。     

基于DEA的我国省级噩域低碳经济的效率评价研究

本文针对我国30个省级区域低碳化进程中的效率评价问题,以DEA综合效率为主体,技术效率与规模效率为辅助进行测算,结果表明各省级区域低碳经济的综合效率差异明显,总体来看,中部最高,西部次之,东部最低。进一步考察各省级区域低碳经济的规模效率,发现我国多数地区投入水平处于规模效益递增阶段,具有较大发展潜力。通过DEA投影分析,以投入冗余度为依据,对效率水平相对落后地区提出了重点改进建议。     

低碳经济下企业生存的组织结构优化研究

红皇后理论研究了竞争逻辑变化下企业的生存与发展,证明了竞争对企业生存力的重要意义,特别强调了近期竞争经验对企业的正面作用。低碳经济给企业所处环境和竞争规则带来变化的同时,也带来了新的竞争逻辑。通过结合研究资源基础理论和组织理论,将环境职能部门交叉在其他部门流程中组成新的矩阵式组织结构,并将该结构通过红皇后理论加以验证。这种用组织创新来迎接新经济时代挑战的方式,是企业在低碳环境下提高自身竞争力的一种有效手段。     

8周指定强度训练对不经常锻炼女生强度-情绪反应的影响

29名不经常锻炼女大学生被随机分成2个实验组和1个对照组,采用RPE生成强度方案,实验组分别以RPE=11和RPE=16的强度训练8周,对照组自由活动,训练前和训练后3组被试均参加10min RPE生成强度运动,运动中3、6、9min及运动后5min自述主观运动体验,以检验不同指定强度训练对不经常锻炼者强度-感情反应的影响.结果显示,积极良好状态有组别主效应和强度×时间交互作用,无训练效应.心理苦恼有测试×强度×时间×组别交互作用.疲劳有测试×强度×组别、测试×强度×时间与强度×时间×组别的交互作用.研究暗示更高强度的健身训练使不经常锻炼者强度-情绪反应的变化更积极.     

二氧化碳强度减排目标下我国产业结构优化的驱动力研究

本文基于产业结构调整具有内生性特征和终端消费随居民收入水平提高具有规律性变化两个基本理念,通过对先进经济体发展经验的实证分析和对我国经济投入-产出结构的分析,量化分析了消费规模及其结构对我国产业结构变化的效果;预测了纯消费拉动下我国未来产业结构演进的特征与二氧化碳强度的发展趋势.研究结果表明:(1)消费规模的扩大与消费结构的升级将是未来我国产业结构优化的主要驱动力之一;(2)为完成碳强度减排目标,必须通过能源需求侧管理项目的实施,引导人们向"低能耗、低排放"的消费模式转变.     

Culinary culture and globalization: an analysis of British and German Michelin-starred restaurants

The high-end restaurant segment in Britain and Germany has long been shaped by the cultural hegemony of French haute cuisine, perpetuated by multiple processes, including the influence of the Michelin or Red Guide. Traditionally, this hegemony has been expressed in the prevalence of French expatriate chefs, culinary techniques and style and even restaurant culture. This paper investigates whether processes of globalization have weakened or even undermined this French cultural dominance in fine-dining restaurants and their culinary culture. To this end, the study identifies the various forms taken by globalization processes in this industry segment and then assesses their impact on the dominance of the French paradigm of culinary culture. The investigation focuses on British and German Michelin-starred restaurants, underlining both commonalities and divergences in the process of interaction between French, global and local influences. The study employs a qualitative method, using a number of case studies to discern cross-industry patterns. All chefs with two or three stars in the two countries, i.e. 45 chefs, were selected for the analysis of their cuisine.     

State carnivals and the subvention of multiculturalism in Singapore

Increasing attention is being paid to the specificities of Asian multiculturalism in relation to ethnic pluralism, citizenship and developmental state formation. This article examines these relationships by analysing three carnival events in colonial and postcolonial Singapore that were organized by the state to promote its official multiculturalism. Through its cultural logics of horizontal racial segmentation, cascading symbolic authority from the state to co-opted communal representatives and multi-modal ritual iteration, the 1937 King George VI coronation celebrations proffered an imperial multiculturalism based on mediating plural groups and procedural norms. Adopting the same cultural logics in the 1970s, the newly-independent nation-state revived and transformed Chingay, a creole Chinese religious procession, into an annual parade celebrating the nation as comprising racially plural groups bound together by the modern ethos of progress the developmental state exemplified. In the 2000s, Chingay has been turned into an international spectacle celebrating Singapore as a cosmopolitan global city of hybridizing multiculturalism. But indicative of new racial-class segmentation, the old nation-building pluralism is promoted by Racial Harmony Day carnivals held in suburban public housing neighborhoods. This bifurcated multiculturalism reflects the developmental state's attempts to deal with new citizenship trends as they grind against the old ethnic pluralism. While faced with the same issues globalization brings, this postcolonial multiculturalism is distinctively different from liberal multiculturalism, not least because the subvention of multiculturalism is achieved through the state appropriation of vernacular cultural practices through its carnivals.     

Parental Strains and Rewards Among Mothers: The Role of Education

Using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,198), this study examines the associations between education and parental strains and rewards among mothers of young children. Findings indicate that a college degree or more is related to less parenting anxiety, but more role captivity, and less new life meaning from parenting than lower levels of education. Differences by education are partly explained by variation in levels of progressive parenting values and work commitment, but remain significant. These patterns indicate that education provides greater resources that ease parental anxiety, but also leads to greater perceived demands of having a successful career, which contribute to more role captivity and less new life meaning from parenting.