清至民国新疆婚姻法制浅谈

清朝政府在调节新疆婚姻规范方面,虽然规定禁止汉、蒙、维等之间互相通婚,但却认可了“回疆”少数民族婚姻习俗,并赋予其法律效力。民国政府建立后,加快了对现代婚姻的立法,客观上促进了新疆婚俗的改良。集中体现在对婚龄的限制方面。清至民国,新疆婚姻立法的重大变迁,以及对“回疆”百姓婚姻的影响,客观上反应了时代的进步性与区域独特性。     

“闪婚”与“跨省婚姻”:打工青年婚恋选择的比较研究

本文对当前我国农村出现的打工青年的"闪婚"与"跨省婚姻"两种婚恋模式的现状、发展、基本特征进行了比较,并从婚恋选择中的利益相关主体的角度对两种婚姻模式的发生机制进行了分析。研究发现,闪婚与跨省婚姻作为中国城市化进程中大量农民工选择的婚恋模式,有逐步增加的趋势,两者的基本特征既有差异也有共性。而从其发生机制来说,闪婚与跨省婚姻都彰显了打工青年面临的结构性婚姻选择困境,以及代际之间、性别之间对于婚姻意义中的情感性与功能性的偏重有所差异。婚姻中的情感性与功能性的权衡型塑了打工青年在"闪婚"与"跨省婚姻"之间选择的钟摆现象。当下,应当重塑婚姻本身所应该具有的情感性与功能性的双重价值意义,对打工青年进行适当的引导以减少这两种婚恋模式所带来的负面效应。     

旅游开发背景下新疆图瓦人婚俗的变迁

图瓦人是一个古老的族群,在中国主要分布于新疆喀纳斯。随着新疆喀纳斯旅游的开发,图瓦人的社会生活发生了巨大的变化,图瓦人的婚俗也随之发生变化。文章从选择结婚对象、结婚程序、彩礼、婚礼上的服饰、饮食以及婚礼游戏等方面,对二三十年前与现在图瓦人婚俗坐了对比分析,进而探讨了经济发展对图瓦人婚俗变化的影响。     

BRASS' RELATIONAL MODEL: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Brass' relational model is based on a linear relationship between the logits of the cumulative probability of dying before age x in a standard mortality distribution and those observed in any population. In this study the appropriate way to estimate the linear parameters associated with Brass' model is clarified. Five methods are presented to estimate the coefficients associated with Brass' relational model. Each method is applied to simulated data to examine the efficiencies of each model in mortality estimation.     

The mathematics of sex and marriage,revisited

We analyze the problem of modeling marriages in a two‐sex model of population dynamics. We first deal with the problem of incomplete and inconsistent census data and then use a simulator to compare the performance of a variety of marriage functions in modeling births and couples during the ten‐year period between consecutive U.S. censuses. Unlike most empirical methods for comparing marriage functions based on goodness of fit, the differences in the projections of the various functions in our method are of the same magnitude (or even smaller) than the errors between the projected and real data. We observe that for the population of the United States, the harmonic mean function frequently found and used in the literature is a quite poor performer when compared with many other functions in the family we use.     

我国男性的婚姻溢酬——基于内生选择性模型的分析

本文利用2008年的RUMiC（中印农民工调查数据）构造内生选择模型分析我国男性的婚姻溢酬。OI．S结果显示,控制个人特征和单位特征后,已婚男性的工资大于未婚男性的工资,婚姻溢酬为O．360。控制了婚姻选择性和妻子工作时间内生性后,使用Hekman两步法对此分析后发现婚姻溢酬更大一些,达到了O．523;这表明我国男性的婚姻溢酬不能简单归因于选择性假说,即已婚男性比未婚男性拥有更高的不可观测的生产力。进一步的研究发现,我国男性的婚姻溢酬可以用生产力假说中的家庭内部分工理论来解释,OLS和Heckman两步法的回归结果均表明,我国男性的婚姻溢酬随妻子的工作时间上升而下降。     

Registered domestic partnerships among gay men and lesbians: the role of economic factors

In this paper, we predict the demand for a marriage-like status—registered domestic partnership–among same-sex couples. Domestic partnership in the state of California now comes with almost all of the rights and responsibilities of marriage that a state can provide. We use the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) Tobacco Use Survey conducted by the California Department of Health and the Field Research Corporation in 2003. From this telephone survey, we use a probability sample of 1,002 lesbian and gay individuals in California. Using multinomial probit models of partnership status (single, not cohabiting, cohabiting, or registered), we find limited evidence of economic motivations in the choice to register. Gay men’s likelihood of registration rises with income; lesbians’ probability of registration rises with age. Couples with longer duration are more likely to register, suggesting that registration and duration are complementary signals of commitment and possibly of the need for rights and benefits of registration.

A demographic analysis of the family structure experiences of children in the United States

This paper analyzes the family structure experiences of children in the U.S. Childbearing and transitions among single, cohabiting, and married states are analyzed jointly. A novel contribution is to distinguish men by their relationship to children: biological father or stepfather. The analysis uses data from the NLSY79. A key finding is that children of black mothers spend on average only 33% of their childhood living with the biological father and mother, compared to 74% for children of white mothers. The two most important proximate demographic determinants of the large racial gap are the much higher propensity of black women to conceive children outside of a union, and the lower rate of “shotgun” unions for blacks compared to whites. Another notable finding is that cohabitation plays a negligible role in the family structure experiences of children of white mothers, and even for children of black mothers accounts for less than one fifth of time spent living with both biological parents.

Do women value marriage more? The effect of obesity on cohabitation and marriage in the USA

This paper looks into the impact of obesity and other factors on first entry into a marital or cohabiting union, using 1997 cohort data from the national longitudinal survey. Results show obese women are less likely to be accepted into either cohabitation or marriage, while obese men are less likely to be accepted in a cohabitating relation but are not less likely to enter into marriage. Income affects all union and all genders symmetrically, increasing the likelihood of a union. These results suggest that marriage is a special form of union for women, so they are willing to marry obese men because they value other factors related to the marriage choice, such as commitment or the prospect of having children. Men do not appear to value these factors as much, so obese women are less likely to be accepted into either cohabitation or marriage.

Marriage form and fertility in rural China: an investigation in three counties

Using data from two surveys in three counties where the prevalence of uxorilocal marriage differs greatly, this paper analyzes impact of marriage form, individual, family, and social factors on fertility and its regional differences. The results show that, under the Chinese patrilineal joint family system, uxorilocal marriage does not universally increase fertility, which is likely to be determined by other factors. It is further found that fertility differs greatly in the three regions, and is significantly lower in regions where uxorilocal marriage is common than in regions where virilocal marriage is dominant. Women’s marriage cohort, age at first marriage, and number of sisters all have significant effects on fertility. These findings address the process and consequences of change in rural family and marriage customs during the current demographic and social transition.