近代中国土地征收制度的移植与确立

中国古代兴建公共工程使用民地,经历了换地、换地并减免税、保障坟墓房屋等附着物以及逐渐限制使用民田的发展过程。晚清,由于铁路等交通事业的助推,出现“购地章程”,购地程序更为规范化。这种“官府购地”并非平等主体间的交易,只是皇权专制下的恤民。清末至民国,西方的土地征收制度传入,土地征收在立法形式上更趋同于西方。然而,“平均地权”思想融入后的土地政策,让土地征收制度失去了原有尊重土地所有权的本质,成为服务于国民政府土地改革的工具。从“官府购地”到“土地征收”,取得人民土地的形式更为完善,但实质未有变化。     

浅谈隐性课程的作用

隐性课程不是通过正式教学进行的,通常体现在学校和班级的情境之中。它包括物质情境、文化情境、人际情境,对学生起潜移默化的影响。开发与利用隐性课程对英语学习是十分重要的。     

Resource Flexibility Issues in Multistage Manufacturing

We test the situational impact of two types of resource flexibility, machine flexibility and labor flexibility, in a material requirements planning (MRP)-driven production system. Machine flexibility has not been treated in prior multistage research, only labor flexibility. Machine flexibility is closely related to a plant's positioning strategy. A process-focused plant opts for considerable machine flexibility by choosing general-purpose equipment. Resource flexibility, if effective, can be an attractive alternative to two other types of buffers, inflated inventories and costly capacity cushions. Our simulation results, using factor settings established earlier by a panel of managers, show that resource flexibility is indeed an effective buffer against uncertainties such as end-item demand variability, capacity bottlenecks, equipment failures, and yield losses. Machine flexibility is especially helpful in environments characterized by high uncertainties, tight capacities, and large lot sizes. Worker flexibility has a similar, but less dramatic, impact. Benefits are most striking with customer service, rather than with inventory or labor productivity. Finally, we show that simultaneous introduction of both machine and labor flexibility yields only marginal improvements over either kind of flexibility alone.     

考虑重复购买因素的品牌竞争对新产品扩散的影响研究——基于小世界网络的仿真环境

在对品牌竞争影响要素分析的基础上,考虑重复购买在新产品扩散过程中的调节效应,构建以消费者微观采纳机制为核心的新产品扩散的阈值模型,在小世界网络仿真情境下,运用多智能仿真方法对品牌竞争与新产品扩散之间的影响关系进行分析,研究结果表明：转换成本对新产品扩散的速度和深度的影响存在一定的"条件区域",在该区域之外两者不存在显著的影响关系;进入时间与两种竞争性品牌的扩散速度存在一致的负向的影响关系,而对两种竞争性品牌的扩散深度的影响方向则相反;在此过程中,重复购买系数起着一定的调节效应,会在一定程度上放大或缩小转换成本及进入时间对新产品扩散的影响效应。通过本文的研究,不仅可以进一步丰富和完善竞争性产品创新扩散的相关理论,也可以为企业的新产品推广实践提供决策支持。     

SOME COMMENTS ON “A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE ON MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS PLANNING”*

We believe there are some serious deficiencies in the Morecroft article on MRP problems which appeared in a recent issue of this journal. The article, at the most, shows that MRP, inappropriately imposed on an existing production system, can result in undesirable system performance. This does not represent a new or startling conclusion. Four problem areas in the article are discussed, and suggested alternative approaches are offered.     

AN ANALYSIS OF CAPACITY PLANNING PROCEDURES FOR A MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PLANNING SYSTEM*

This paper is concerned with planning work-center capacity levels in manufacturing firms that employ a material requirements planning (MRP) system. It presents four procedures for developing work-center capacity plans designed to insure the production of components and assemblies as specified by the MRP plan and the master production schedule (MPS). These procedures (capacity planning using overall factors, capacity bills, resource profiles, and capacity requirements planning) are compared using simulation analysis. The results indicate that the performance of a procedure when measured against the MPS depends on the operating conditions of the manufacturing system. The results also indicate that the choice of a particular procedure often represents a compromise among the benefits of improved MPS performance, the costs of preparing and processing data, and the premium expenses required for more frequent adjustments in work-center capacity levels.     

浅析房地产市场复苏的制约因素及其对策

房地产市场包括一级市场和二级市场，二级市场又包括消费市场和投资市场。现在的政策导向只注重房地产消费市场部分，而忽视了其投资市场部分，这是潜力巨大的市场。房地产只有真正成为大众投资品种时，才可能促进房地产一、二级市场的共同繁荣     

论科学发展观与我国生态经济学的发展

在分析生态经济学理论优势的基础上,提出一个人口、生产和消费与生态环境关系的研究框架。研究重点主要是在短期内从生产的角度进行生态补偿研究,而长期必须从消费偏好的角度进行研究。在研究方法上,应该借鉴条件价值法、生态足迹和物质流会计、新制度经济学等方法。这样才能使生态经济学走出乌托邦式的哲学范式,接近公众从而找到其动力源泉。     

论共有人的优先购买权

针对共有人的优先购买权,现代大陆法系国家民法和我国现行立法都明确承认和保护共有人的优先购买权,但就该制度的存废仍然存在争议,文章主张保留并完善共有人的优先购买权制度.从本质而言,共有人的优先购买权是法定权和形成权并具有物权效力.在一定条件下,应当赋予共同共有人、建筑物区分所有的共有人、集体经济组织成员对集体财产的优先购买权,但在出卖人向法定继承人出卖财产份额、以拍卖和招投标方式出卖标的物、依强制执行方式而进行的出卖等情形下则不适用优先购买权.