论回族在构建和谐社会中的积极作用

本文结合回族历史及中阿文化交融来详细论述回族在当今构建社会主义和谐社会中的积极因素,在阐述回族顺利融入中华的历史背景和文化结合基因之后,重点对回族人善于沟通交融的社交能力,回族人平等有序的社会价值观,回族人守护信仰家园的精神富足,回族人重视生殖健康和戒烟戒酒的良好习惯,回族人宽容别人、自觉律己的道德品格,回族人无私“散给”、助人为乐的精神境界六大方面加以例述,最后阐释回族对伊斯兰教义的合理阐发和创新性运用以及回族的发展实践对与时俱进的中国特色民族宗教理论的贡献。     

当代中国人的马基雅弗利主义:缘由、影响及对策

马基雅弗利主义是西方的厚黑学,在当代中国经济转轨、社会转型的大背景下,一度泛滥,马基雅弗利主义的盛行是道德钳制、媒体误导和制度失范共同作用的结果。马基雅弗利主义无助于事业成功,对于个人和社会都不是好事。要控制马基雅弗利主义,我们应当在宏观层面大力加强制度建设;在中观层面要匡正厚黑流弊,营造良好的社会氛围;在微观层面要完全肯定和保护个人正当利益与需求。     

口语测试对四、六级分层教学的积极反拨效应

笔者通过对四、六级分层教学提高班的测试模式调查发现,口语测试对提高班的英语教学有积极的反拨效应,主要表现在以下几方面：1）学生更重视口语练习;2）课堂上口语练习的形式、内容更丰富;3）口语训练观念的改变;4）学生课外口语练习主动性提高;5）口语测试结果为自我评价提供了依据。     

“玩”作为儿童生活本真目的与儿童哲学之建构

要真正把握什么是儿童哲学,从哲学的角度去理解儿童,是儿童哲学的理论探索面临之第一问题。这就必须重新思考儿童与哲学之关系,对究竟是“儿童”的哲学还是“哲学”的儿童进行反思,也即是对李普曼和马修斯的儿童哲学进行重新审视。通过对“玩”与儿童生活本真目的之关系的探析,确立以“玩”这一蕴含儿童本质需求的形态为中心,考察儿童哲学在哲学-教育学进路得以建立的可能性。进而就“玩”之内在逻辑与儿童的自我实现的深层关系,确证儿童哲学得以展开的可能性,即儿童与“玩”的紧密关系,从而实现对流行的儿童哲学形态,以及传统的儿童教育理念的全面反思。     

Between group variance component interval estimation for the unbalanced heteroscedastic one-way random effects model

The studied topic is motivated by the problem of interlaboratory comparisons. This paper focuses on the confidence interval estimation of the between group variance in the unbalanced heteroscedastic one-way random effects model. Several interval estimators are proposed and compared by means of the simulation study. The most recommended (safest) is the confidence interval based on Bonferroni's inequality.     

Confidence Intervals Following Group Sequential Tests in Clinical Trails with Multivariate Observations

Several authors ( e.g. Kim and DeMets, 1987a, Biometrics) have developed methods for estimation following group sequential tests in clinical trials when each patient has only one response. In many long-term clinical trials, the subjects enter the study sequentially and yield repeated measurements or other types of multivariate observations at successive follow-up visits. Typically, investigators want to compare a parameter of interest such as the slope over time in a repeated measures trial etc. In this article, we propose an exact confidence interval for these parameters in a repeated measures trial, and compare it with a naive confidence interval using Monte Carlo simulation. This method is illustrated with a real example for bone density measurements.     

C239. The continued fraction for lnr( z): a stieljes conjecture

Estimation in logistic-normal models for correlated and overdispersed binomial data is complicated by the numerical evaluation of often intractable likelihood functions. Penalized quasilikelihood (PQL) estimators of fixed effects and variance components are known to be seriously biased for binary data. A simple correction procedure has been proposed to improve the performance of the PQL estimators. The proposed method is illustrated by analyzing infectious disease data. Its performance is compared, by means of simulations, with that of the Bayes approach using the Gibbs sampler.     

Optimal change-over designs for correlated observations

Design implications of an autoregressive model for change-over experiments are investigated. In this model, the residual effect due to the previous treatment is assumed to be proportional to the response in the previous period. In addition, the errors from the same experimental subject are assumed to be correlated according to a first-order autoregressive model. Models with fixed and random subject effects are discussed separately. An attempt has been made to identify and construct optimal or nearly optimal designs in various situations. Empirical conclusions of Taka and Armitage [Commun. Statist. Theor. Meth. (1983)12, 865-876] regarding the efficiency of some designs have also been confirmed.     

The Danish psychosocial work environment and symptoms of stress: The main,mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence (SOC) on stress symptoms and on the association between perceived psychosocial work environment and stress symptoms. The sample includes 2053 Danish employees from 52 workplaces. Hierarchical regression models were applied for each measure of stress. The results strongly supported the presence of a main effect for SOC. People with high levels of SOC experienced fewer stress symptoms. A mediating effect of SOC was also supported. Thus, SOC in part explained the association between work environment and stress symptoms. In addition, some support for a moderating effect of SOC was found, suggesting that people with higher SOC coped more efficiently with work environmental strain that people with lower SOC. Taken together the regression models explained 11–32% of the variance in stress symptoms. The results suggest that measures of individual factors such as SOC should be included in analyses of the effects of work environmental factors on stress and well-being.     

The validity of the occupational stress indicator

During the last two decades two potent groups of predictors for work-related musculoskeletal problems have been identified: physical work load and poor psychosocial working conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects. In this study the buffering effect of control at work with respect to the negative effects of psychological demands and physical work load on musculoskeletal problems is examined. All study variables were sampled from 431 people working in geriatric nursing homes in Germany by means of questionnaires. Main effects and interactions were tested with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that control buffered the effects of high psychological demands, but not of high physical work load; the buffering effect of control was observed only when physical work load was low. The combined effects of demands and physical work load were over-additive. Thus, the power of different predictors for musculoskeletal symptoms depended on the level of other predictors. This suggests that the efficiency of certain strategies for the prevention of musculoskeletal problems is likely to depend on the level of risk factors, with different strategies being appropriate for different levels of risk.