论马尔库塞对马克斯·韦伯技术理性的评判

在马尔库塞看来,韦伯的技术理性尽管在一定的范围、时限具有高度的有效性,但从本质上看它.是经验主义、实证主义的,因而它具有内在的局限性.马尔库塞对韦伯技术理性的深入分析也表明,经验主义、实证主义是不可靠的,要想使实践真正富有成效,就必须把经验、实证层面的东西上升至理性.     

MODERN TIMES: RELIGION,CONSECRATION AND THE STATE IN BOURDIEU

Bourdieu held that the state in modernity has become the primary agent of consecration, ‘the legitimation and naturalization of social difference’, a function formerly performed largely by religion. After clarifying the role of ‘religion’ in Bourdieu's work, this paper brings two empirical issues into dialogue with his ideas: social fragmentation in late-modernity, and the relation between temporalization and social structures in medieval and early-modern charity. His view that religion is anachronistic, that it was left behind by modernization misses its continuing, even increasing, importance. He overemphasized the centrality and authority of the state in modernity and distinguished too sharply between pre-modern gifting and modern market relations. Once these limitations are mitigated, Bourdieu's analysis can be redirected to account for the importance of religion as an agent of consecration globally today.     

公共行政的价值沉淀:超越现代与后现代

传统公共行政是指19世纪社会工业化开始形成的以“韦伯官僚制”为典型特征的公共行政范式。这种范式以理性为中心,强调单一的权威中心和严格的等级制度。20世纪70年代以来,随着公共财政危机和保守主义的崛起,“新公共管理”运动掀起了公共行政的后现代转型。虽然这种转型对发展中国家没有十分典型的意义,但在全球化的今天,任何国家也不能忽视这些转变,而应该积极寻求应对。     

从哲学的自律本性看舍勒哲学的基本立场

舍勒所理解的哲学自律本性,指哲学是没有任何前提而自我构成的,这种哲学通过其自身,并在自身内部和自身的持存中寻找并发现其本质和规律。对于过去的认识论者和形而上学家来说,哲学仅仅只是有关各种各样虚假问题的智力格斗。然而,真正的哲学思考,意味着使思考者的人格全面地紧张起来,并投入到世界当中去,去遭遇价值和本质的世界。价值哲学的任务就在于使得人格介入和参与到价值和价值本质的相互联系之中。     

理性与理性化进程--解读马克斯·韦伯的"理性化"

韦伯对于理性和理性化的分析,反映出他提出理性的基本原由是整个社会理性化的不充分和不完备.以此为视角,作者重新对韦伯的"理性化"概念的内涵和西方社会"理性化"过程进行了简要分析,在此基础上认为,经过20年的改革开放,我们面临的仍是"理性化"的不足.因此,我们应该坚持"理性化"的进程,健全理性化的经济生活秩序、法律体系和组织管理体系等,这是我们走出和避免陷入后现代理性彷徨的一条重要途径.     

解读韦伯的三大隐喻探测韦伯对现代性的洞察

韦伯生前的作品涉及政治、经济、宗教、文化、军事、管理等多个领域,而在这多个研究领域背后,我们不难触到他对时代脉搏的敏锐把握和对人类文明普遍发展进程的深切关怀。正是由于韦伯研究旨趣的这种时代性和整体性(totality),使得他的作品为后世研究者们留出了极大的采掘空间。自韦伯去世以来,旨在诠释和重构韦伯作品的研究文献大量涌现,并且随着社会政治环境的演变而分化出若干不同的解释视角。粗略地来看,西方学界对韦伯的诠释大致有如下三种进路:1一是以法兰克福学派为代表的资本主义文化批判和全面解放的进路。这一视角从卢卡奇把韦伯的…     

韦伯官僚制思想论析

韦伯把官僚制看作是最具有政治理性化特征的法制型支配的纯粹执行方式,正确地认识到官僚制的现代性,即与现代理性经济、理性政治的相互适应性,这使它成为现代国家中不可或缺的管理系统.同时韦伯又深刻认识到它对人类自由的限制.对这一问题的阐释使韦伯的官僚制思想也具有了生存论意义.韦伯呼唤真正的政治家,倡导责任伦理与心志伦理统一的价值观念,主张建立民主制来克服官僚制的弊病,既有其合理的成分,又有现实的困难.     

韦伯论技术政治及政治的实质

作为现代社会理论的开创者之一,韦伯从"知识宰制"(学术为业)、"心性结构"(新教伦理)以及"技术政治"(支配社会学的类型重建)等三个维度为"未竟的现代性事业"作出了巨大的贡献.其中,技术政治作为合法性论证的一条至关重要的理论进路体现在韦伯学说的各个角落.当代社会,政治科学使得政治的实质日益被中立化的知识和科学的话语外观所遮蔽,韦伯关于技术政治的论述不仅将这种外观以类型学的方式重新表述出来,而且引导我们对技术政治中政治的实质加以反思与追问.     

On the historical determinants of third sector strength: A qualitative comparative analysis

This study proposes a theoretical explanation for the main causes of the third sector's strength. A Boolean comparative analysis based mainly on the theoretical frameworks of Rokkan and Esping-Andersen indicates that the combination of state-supported urban interests and Protestantism are necessary conditions. This result is very close to Max Weber's explanation of civil society which presupposes the facilitating role of the autonomous state. Thus, the empirical results are reinterpreted within the context of a Weberian explanatory framework. The implications of this endeavor within the historical context of developing countries are further explicated.     

Max Weinreich,assimilation and the social politics of Jewish nation-building

Through an analysis of the methodological and theoretical writings of Max Weinreich that were devoted to the inter-war Jewish youth research programme at the Jewish Scientific Institute (YIVO), this article discusses the ideological and political assumptions that lay behind this scientific project. Deconstructing the main research categories of the project, the author presents ways in which Weinreich and his associates constructed the Jewish nation and its place in the new inter-war political and social reality. This reality was seen in a complex manner, as a simultaneous chance for Jewish modernisation, upward mobility, productivisation, and as a response to the threat of modern state institutions that were introducing discriminatory policies, and, most importantly, assimilation. The last process was seen as the biggest danger, which could fragment and finally even dissolve the essentialist, secular and national model of Jewish community as envisioned by Max Weinreich and YIVO. The author shows how the essentialist vision of the nation omnipotent in inter-war Poland (among both Polish and Jewish communities) introduced unresolved tension between the need for social and cultural integration of the Jews, which was important for Weinreich and his circle, and the simultaneous aim of building a culturally and politically coherent Jewish nation. Further discussion shows how this kind of perception of social reality transformed a scientific research project into a kind of social intervention and nation-building programme, comparable to the ideologies of Jewish national secularist political parties. While presenting itself as a universal, national institution and addressing its call to all Jewish youth, YIVO promoted a particular political view of the Jewish nation and its tradition, history and religion. By engaging Jewish youth in a research programme devoted to its “personality,” one of the hidden aims of the project was to influence the political and social consciousness of Eastern Europe's Jewish youth.