TRANSFORMING DISCOURSE INTO PRACTICE: COMPUTERHYSTORIES AND DIGITAL CULTURES AROUND 1984

This paper discusses some theoretical approaches to the question of how culture, technologies and the social interact. These considerations result from the author' research in the genesis of digital cultures in the 1980s. The paper begins by outlining the author' research project, and then continues with a discussion of some of the most influential approaches in the cultural studies of technology.This article then presents a small sample of the author' analysis, which combines narratological and discourse analytical methods with practice-oriented cultural theories, such as those of Pierre Bourdieu, Régis Debray and Bruno Latour.     

Changes in Risk Perceptions Prospectively Predict Changes in Self‐Reported Speeding

Risk perception theories posit that changes in risk perception prompt subsequent changes in risk behavior. Prospective studies using observations made at three time‐points offer the capacity to test this hypothesis by observing sequential changes in both risk perceptions and behavior. A telephone survey was administered by random‐digit dialing to 255 adult Australian drivers at baseline (T1), 6 weeks (T2), and 14 weeks (T3). During weeks 2–5, a risk‐perception‐based anti‐speeding mass media campaign was conducted. The survey assessed risk perception, operationalized as the proportion of time that driving at 70 km/h (43 mph) was perceived to be dangerous, and self‐reported speeding behavior, defined as the frequency of respondents driving 5 km (3 mph) faster than the legal speed limit in built up areas. Higher T2 risk perception predicted lower T3 self‐reports of speeding after controlling T1 risk perception and T1 and T2 self‐reported speeding. This can be interpreted as changes in risk perceptions between T1 and T2 predicting changes in speeding between T2 and T3. Further analyses showed that increases in risk perception predicted lower subsequent self‐reported speeding changes, but decreases in risk perception were unrelated to those changes. Risk perception changes were unrelated to recall of exposure to the media campaign. These findings support a dynamic view of the relationship between risk perception and self‐reported behavior, and that risk perception theories can be applied to speeding.     

The impact of newsroom changes and the rise of social media on the practice of media relations

Recent changes in American media have resulted in direct impacts on the work of PR professionals, from newsroom reductions in traditional media outlets to the rise of social media. This study examines changes in the media relations dynamic with qualitative, in-depth interviews from 12 PR professionals in a medium, eastern U.S. city. Findings include PR professionals doing less traditional media relations, mostly attributable to downsized newsrooms, and frustration with the resulting dearth of institutional knowledge, influx of young, inexperienced reporters, and shallow stories. While participants see opportunities to inject unfiltered messages in media, overall they value reporter relationships and using social media in communication with them and in their job. Although new media are seen as one more task on an already very full PR plate, participants acknowledge their importance and growing relevance. Overall, PR professionals see their and the industry's future including both traditional and new media.     

电子媒介如何影响社会行为——梅罗维茨传播理论述评

美国传播学者梅罗维茨是媒介分析领域的一个代表人物,他结合麦克卢汉的媒介技术决定论和戈夫曼的剧场理论,指出电子媒介是通过改变社会的情境从而影响了人们的行为方式,比如外在体现为男女性别的融合、成人与儿童的模糊以及政治人物的祛魅等方面.本文还针对其理论进行评析.     

新形势下高校校园传播媒体运作模式的建构

校报、有线广播、校园计算机网络等构成了现代高等学校校园传播媒介的主体,在高校的育人工作中发挥着重要作用,它们有着各自的特点和优势,但也存在着资源互通和整合不够的问题,制约了整体作用的更大发挥.面对信息时代的机遇和挑战,要充分发挥校园传播媒体的舆论导向、服务教育和娱乐休闲等功能,推动校园人际关系的良性互动,营造良好的育人环境,改变媒体间各自为政的局面,关键是构建高效、有序、统筹的高校校园传播媒体运作模式和机制.     

女性受众与传媒中的“女性形象”

着眼于女性受众的权益和对弱势群体的保护,本着媒介的社会责任和自律原则,媒介中的"女性形象"应该从片面走向完整,从矫情走向平实.媒介在赢利至上的市场规则下,也应该担负起一定的社会责任,体现出一种温暖的人文情怀.     

The invisible minority: under-representation of people with disabilities in prime-time TV dramas in Japan

This study analysed the depiction of people with disabilities in Japanese TV dramas. Using preview issues of TV Guide, we content-analysed serial dramas and drama series aired during prime time on five commercial broadcasting networks between January 1993 and December 2002. The results showed that only 1.7 per cent of the characters examined were disabled, indicating that disabled persons were under-represented on TV. The study also found that most of the disabled persons depicted were young; there were almost no elderly people with disabilities. Analysis also revealed that Japanese TV dramas focused on certain disabilities. The implications of these findings are also discussed from the perspective of cultivation theory and the drench hypothesis.     

New deal public relations: A glimpse into FDR press secretary Stephen Early's work

Long-time confidant and press secretary to US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Stephen Early served throughout FDR's 12-year administration. As such, he was chief White House communicator during the implementation of the president's New Deal policies and throughout World War II. In March 1934, on the first day of his second year as secretary, Early started a diary. He added to it until the end of the decade. This study examines 131 of Early's diary entries over its 6 years to construct a glimpse of his professional and personal life as a high-level government communicator. Compilations of his most common activities are made and compared over time, and a discussion of Early's day-to-day professional work, private time, and contributions within the context of modern public relations practice are included.     

浅谈IP组播技术及应用

近年来,随着网络技术的发展,使得各种单一媒体相继成为网络传输中的数据,进而各种媒体的融合使得网络多媒体运用层出不穷。而传统网络最初是为数据传输而设计的,是典型的点对点通信模式,是为保证数据可靠传输而设计的,所用的传输协议多为点到点的协议,其所具有的特点将增加网络发送负载,带来网络延时,这就带来了带宽的急剧消耗和网络拥挤问题。组播技术被认为是WWW技术推广之后出现的最激动人心的网络技术之一。组播技术应用在一对多通讯情况下,能够有效的降低网络流量,提高网络通讯效率,减轻服务器负荷,并能改善传送数据的质量。     

媒体监督对公司治理中的投资者保护

转型经济中正式制度的失灵或低效使得媒体监督作为一种法律外替代机制在公司治理中发挥着重要作用,媒体监督能够降低外部投资者的信息不对称程度,提升公司治理效率。结合媒体监督与公司治理的耦合机理,分析了媒体监督在公司治理中对投资者保护的作用,指出媒体的信息制造功能有利于缓解公司治理中的信息不对称,从而迫使公司高管改变行为,并通过声誉机制对投资者的决策行为发挥引导作用。从媒体公信力、公司公共关系努力以及共同社会价值取向等方面总结了影响媒体监督发挥非正式治理作用的因素。结合我国实际情况分析了媒体监督所遇到的困境,并给出了提高我国媒体监督在公司治理和投资者保护中发挥作用的建议。