Cross-Cultural Analyses of Determinants of Quality of Life and Mental Health: Results from the Eurohis Study

Recent projects on international instrument development have produced a wide array of health indicators that may be used for cross-cultural field-testing, however more information on their cross-cultural performance in relation to health determinants is necessary. The current study approaches one step for international conceptual validation by analysing the association between various health determinants and different types of health outcomes (mental health, quality of life) across a range of countries or geographical areas. The current study is based on the EUROHIS project that has been conducted in a sample of 4849 adults across 10 European countries. Results highlight that interactions between health determinants with subjective mental health, general health and quality of life (QoL) differ between Western European countries, Eastern European countries and the Newly Associated States as well as Israel. Using a MIMIC model approach, we were able to show that the impact of each of the sociodemographic variables cannot be interpreted on the basis of its single loading but only seeing the interacting with other indicators. Future studies should include sociodemographics in MIMIC models in each latent factor before carrying out regressions on a larger scale. Future investigations will require larger and representative samples to (a) test models on latent factors of mental health and QoL and (b) on the basis of these findings test overall structural models across countries.     

The health expectancies of older Australians

Health expectancies of the states ‘Disability-free’ and ‘Disabled’ are estimated for Australian females and males aged 60 and over, both by cohort from 1980 and current for survey years 1981, 1988, 1993 and 1998. Modifications of recently developed logistic regression techniques are used rather than the standard 1971 method due to Sullivan. Results from the three later surveys are broadly similar and differ in important respects from those of the 1981 survey. Based on the last three surveys our estimates support the view that, depending on age, two-thirds or more of the increase in female life expectancy over the decade 1988–1998 is spent in the Disabled state. The situation is worse for elderly men, for whom all of the increased years of expected life are estimated to be spent in the Disabled state. The findings do not support rectangularization of the survival curve or Disability-free survival curve.     

Sibling rivalry and the gender gap: evidence from child health outcomes in Ghana

When capital and labor markets are imperfect, choice sets narrow, and parents must choose how to ration available funds and time between their children. One consequence is that children become rivals for household resources. In economies with pro-male bias, such rivalries can yield gains to having relatively more sisters than brothers. Using a rich household survey from Ghana, we find that on average if children had all sisters (and no brothers) they would do roughly 25-40% better on measured health indicators than if they had all brothers (and no sisters). The effects are as large as typical quantity-quality trade-offs, and they do not differ significantly by gender. Received: 22 May 1996 / Accepted: 13 July 1998     

Measurement of the quality of family planning services

The quality of health services is a subject of increasing interest to health care providers and organizations responsible for financing and promoting health services. The importance of the client's perspective (and by inference, the perspective of potential clients, as well) is now well established, but efforts to define and measure quality have thus far been limited to the perspective of experts even when the experts claim to speak for the clients. In this paper we utilize family planning programs to explore issues of the quality of health services. We propose that a better understanding of the view of quality actually held by family planning program clients will clarify the influence of quality on the use of services, a clarity that has not been possible by looking at quality only as defined by providers, managers or experts. We review the literature on quality of services and identify the gaps in research that must be filled if a better understanding of what quality is and how it relates to service outcomes is to be obtained. A first step must be the research required to develop a set of measures of quality that reflects the multi-dimensional nature of quality, includes the clients' view of services in the definition of quality, and incorporates methodologies required to ascertain the true view of clients. Finally, we suggest that dimensions of quality identified as important for clients as a group will be more predictive of use of services than dimensions identified as important to providers.     

累积生态资源在积极心理健康教育中的作用——对青少年意向性自我调节培养机制的实证研究

通过对1 154名初一至高三学生的调查,探索累积生态资源、青少年自我效能感与意向性自我调节三者之间的关系。具体来说,青少年拥有的生态资源数量正向预测意向性自我调节水平,而青少年的自我效能感中介作用于生态资源数量与意向性自我调节的关系。这表明,累积生态资源既可直接对青少年意向性自我调节产生积极影响,又可通过自我效能感对意向性自我调节产生间接作用。因此,在推进积极心理健康教育的进程中,需要凸显青少年在自身发展中的自主性以及多重生态资源的联合作用。     

基于重大公共卫生事件“信任与信心”舆论引导策略实证研究

2020年暴发的新冠肺炎疫情是全球共同关注的重大突发公共卫生事件,习近平总书记指出要加强舆论引导,营造强信心、暖人心、聚民心的舆论氛围。立足国家层面,将疫情期间的新闻策略归纳为三种典型策略框架——建构大国形象（强信心）、筑建共同体文化（暖人心）、建立公正机制（聚民心）,并进行实证研究。研究发现：对三大典型策略的主流新闻,人群的反应均倾向于比较积极的情绪,认可程度及信心倾向较高;国家机关和国有企业的人员、收入稳定人群、26～45岁的中青年对国家拥有更强的信心。     

中国公共卫生治理:逻辑演进与维度建构

新中国成立以来,中国公共卫生体系建设坚持社会主义原则,经历了政府计划、市场机制和社会治理模式的艰难探索过程,终于走上了公共卫生社会治理现代化的道路。新冠肺炎疫情的暴发,给中国公共卫生体系建设和现代化治理变革提供了一次前所未有的现实检验,充分彰显了“中国之治”的制度优势,但也同时暴露出市场机制在公共卫生领域的缺位错位问题。实现“政府-市场-社会”同框出镜、互补嵌入和重构个体化社会的公共卫生治理,是开创“中国之治”新境界的必由之路。     

大学生心理健康问题及对策探析

心理健康是大学生健康成长的重要前提,但我国高校大学生已成为心理弱势群体。从大学生心理问题的现象入手,对其现状和原因进行研究,在此基础上提出了一些建设性的对策与建议。     

大学新生心理健康状况调查

此调查运用SCL-90对贵州民族学院4 263名新生进行团体施测,调查结果发现：约有4%的大学新生心理症状较为严重,新生出现较为严重症状的因子主要有恐怖、精神病性、焦虑、强迫症状、人际关系。     

加拿大的卫生政策及其对中国卫生改革的借鉴

卫生政策在改善与增进人口健康中发挥了重要作用。文章通过对加拿大卫生系统相关立法进程的系统回顾与分析。发现加拿大医疗系统的特点是公共筹资而非私人运作,而全覆盖、可携带性、综合性、可及性以及公共管理等五项基础性原则保证了加拿大卫生系统的成功运行。文章着重回答了有哪些政策可以借鉴,如何借鉴。以及哪些政策的不良后果可以避免等。