Italian Americans in the ‘Bocce Belt’: ‘Old World’ memories and ‘New World’ identities

This essay examines the development of an ethnically and racially segregated resort landscape in the Catskill Mountains of upstate New York in the twentieth century. Focusing on the history of Italian American resorts clustered primarily in Greene County, New York, it demonstrates that ethnicity continued to shape the social and cultural lives of many European immigrant New Yorkers and their families well after World War II. Ethnic resorts provided vacationers with an insulated recreational environment in which group identity and transatlantic ties – both real and imagined – could be fostered and sustained. However, the flexibility of these ethnic identities and the pervasive discrimination against African Americans at ethnic resorts in the 1940s and 1950s reveals the extent to which European Americans had largely internalized a sense of white ethnic identity by the postwar decades. The history of ethnic resorts in the Catskills sheds light on the process by which generations of European Americans in New York City negotiated these multiple ethnic, national, and racial identities.     

Development of a Multimodal Assessment Framework for Helping Older African American Women Transition Out of Homelessness

Increasingly vulnerability to homelessness is affecting older African American women because more than any other group these women are susceptible to even minor changes in socioeconomic conditions. This article describes the evolution of an assessment strategy and process found to be useful in planning older African American women's transition from homelessness. The assessment strategy was developed as part of a multimethod, multilevel research and development program the purpose of which is to identify and test tools and interventions useful in helping older African American women leave homelessness. The article offers background on the action research project in which the assessment framework was developed, examines the method for the construction of the framework, describes the assessment process, and considers the integration of specific assessment tools into the advocacy process.     

论清真词去声之妙用

清真声调之谨严,为诸家之冠.而四声中尤重去声之运用.或用作领字以发调,或以平去互相对照而收跌蘯之妙.或用于拗句中,以应音律之需要.并意锤炼去声之字眼,以营造警动之境.后人守之如金科玉律.此文旨在考察清真运用去声之规律.     

归绥回商的历史价值浅析

归绥回商从形成、发展、壮大、演变都具有很强的历史特殊性,并且具有与众不同的历史价值。研究归绥回商,站在历史的维度解构这一特殊的社会群体,对于了解当前呼和浩特回族商人的商业精神、经营理念、管理模式等都有一定的借鉴意义。本文拟从归绥地区的历史发展与归绥回族发展的关系,归绥回商的形成演变过程,归绥回商的经营领域、模式与理念,...     

拉斐尔·伊斯拉力对中国回族伊斯兰教的误读

西方学者作为旁观者研究中国回族及其伊斯兰教渊源深厚。其中伊斯拉力的研究不乏真知灼见,但作者以政治伊斯兰的视角,使用二手和三手材料,误读中国化、夸大回族对乌玛的认同而刻意淡化回族的国家认同。阅读汉语文献的水平和消化资料的能力决定了无论伊斯拉力多么精于西方话语,但对中国文化和伊斯兰文化也只能是旁观者不清的臆说。     

同治陕甘回民大起义后甘肃地区经济状况述评——以陕甘新驿道沿途为中心

清代同治年间陕甘回民大起义对甘肃地区经济状况产生重大影响,直接关系到清廷在西北的政权统治及甘肃民众的生活质量,甚至对清末乃至民国初期甘肃社会的发展亦产生了一定的影响。以陕甘新驿道沿途为中心,对同治回民大起义后甘肃地区的堡寨兴废、民众生活、军队建设等方面状况进行分析。分析认为,此次大起义破坏了甘肃地区的经济,减少了人口,但同时也给陕甘新驿道沿途部分地区的经济和社会风气带来了新发展。     

Islam and patriarchy: how robust is Muslim support for patriarchal values?

Evidence that Muslims support patriarchal values more than non-Muslims is abundant but the nature of this evidence is contested. The ‘cultural’ interpretation suggests that patriarchal values are an inherent element of Muslim identity. The ‘structural’ interpretation holds that patriarchal values reside in structural characteristics and have little to do with Muslim identity. Evidence on these contradictory claims is inconclusive. Neither have advocates of the cultural position shown that Muslim support for patriarchal values remains robust under control of structural characteristics; nor have proponents of the structural position demonstrated that Muslim support for these values vanishes under such controls. Filling this gap, we use multi-level models to test whether Muslim support for patriarchal values vanishes under control of patriarchy's structural underpinnings. We find that Muslim support for patriarchal values is robust against various controls; and we identify mosque attendance as a mechanism to sustain Muslim support for patriarchy in non-Muslim societies. Yet, rising levels of education, labor market participation, and a glacial emancipative trend diminish Muslim support for patriarchy, especially among women.     

穆斯林兄弟会与沙特关系的演变及影响

自1932年沙特建国以来,穆斯林兄弟会在沙特经历了初步发展、扩张和衰退三个阶段。二者从合作与相互利用的盟友关系逐渐演变为疏远与对抗的敌对关系。一方面,逃亡到沙特避难的穆兄会成员曾在帮助沙特政权反制埃及纳赛尔政权、推行泛伊斯兰主义战略等方面发挥了重要作用;另一方面,穆兄会成员在一定程度上促成了沙特宗教政治反对派的兴起,影响和培育了一批接受库特布思想的极端分子,对沙特政权的稳固及其国家安全造成了冲击。中东剧变以来,穆兄会势力的壮大削弱了沙特的地区影响力,制约了沙特外交政策的实施,导致沙特面临的地区安全环境进一步恶化。穆兄会与沙特关系的破裂直接反映出前者对沙特内政外交构成的威胁,是穆兄会思想与瓦哈比教义内在矛盾的逻辑结果。     

我国城市流动穆斯林社会适应问题研究——以南京和西安为例

随着我国城市化进程的加速,大城市中出现了越来越多的流动人口,其中就包括拥有宗教信仰的流动穆斯林群体。文章在描述流动穆斯林社会适应现状的基础上,以南京和西安两个城市的流动穆斯林为样本,对其经济生活、社会日常生活、宗教文化生活以及心理状况等方面进行了比较研究,寻找其共性和差异性,并就不同地区流动穆斯林在社会适应上产生差异的成因作了探讨。     

从海南、泉州穆斯林的流动看中国与东南亚的伊斯兰联系

中国与东南亚各国很早就发生了联系,除了两者之间的贸易外,东南亚各国还充当了东西方贸易的中转站,渡斯人、阿拉伯人是早期东西方贸易的主要参与者。在中国与东南亚的移民活动中,既有海外穆斯林移民中国,也有原先居住在中国的穆斯林移民东南亚,中国与东南亚之间隐约存在着某种伊斯兰联系,而且这种联系随着明代郑和7下西洋得到了进一步的巩固和加强。