民族历史街区的保护和旅游发展——以西安回民街为例

随着全球化的发展,城市文化多样性渐渐成为一种发展的趋势,进入了全球市场竞争中。在过去的十几年里,欧洲很多城市都通过发展旅游业保护和复兴城市的民族历史街区,实现城市文化多元化。改革开放后,城市旅游为中国民族历史街区提供了生存的机会。以西安回民街为例,通过调查访谈、借鉴国内外发展案例,分析旅游对于复兴民族历史街区、打造城市多元文化的作用,为未来城市多元化发展和民族历史街区的保护作一个前瞻性的探索。     

甘宁青“穆斯林民族走廊”研究

回族等穆斯林民族,在甘宁青形成南北、东西两条带状分布带,即“银平穆斯林民族走廊”“河湟穆斯林民族走廊”。两条“穆斯林民族走廊”中的穆斯林各民族,在中国西北民族居住地理分布格局和经济地理格局中,均处于中间或交界地带,在各民族之间、各种文化之间发挥某种特殊的桥梁纽带作用。两条“穆斯林民族走廊”中的回、东乡、保安、撒拉等民族,由于相对集中聚居的缘故,其文化保持较为完整,民族性、宗教性表现突出。     

郑和与东南亚华人穆斯林

郑和下西洋之前,华人穆斯林已经移居东南亚。郑和在出使西洋过程中,不仅与随行的华人穆斯林积极在当地从事伊斯兰教活动,在海外兴建清真寺,促进伊斯兰教在东南亚的传播,而且团结东南亚当地的华人穆斯林,把他们组织起来,建立华人穆斯林社区,作为宣传伊斯兰教的基地,对当地人民传播伊斯兰教,从而奠定了马来半岛与印尼群岛伊斯兰化的基础。     

Jamaat：都市中的亚社会与族群文化——以兰州市回族穆斯林族群调查为个案

Jamaat作为一种独特的族群社区,是回族穆斯林族群的社会存在形式。在历史上,它不仅是伊斯兰文化移植中国的标志,而且作为一种文化范式(Matrix),又是回族形成的母体。在多元异质文化的都社会,jamaat作为一种亚社会与族群文化,通过一系列文化符号标识,硬化族群边界,强化族群意识,增进族群认同,维持自身在城市社会中的存在。     

巴黎和会日本“种族平等”提案与日裔美国移民问题探析

巴黎和会上,日本代表团提出将＂种族平等＂作为一重要原则写入国联盟约,试图从根本上解决长期悬而未决的日裔移民遭受排斥的问题。该提议由于触及了美国及英联邦国家的利益而被和会否决。＂种族平等＂的提出,主要是由于日方认为移民问题已严重伤害了日本的民族情感,并对其业已取得的大国地位产生了不利的影响。而日本在种族方面的努力,却在客观上加剧了美国社会对日裔群体的排斥,在一定程度上造成了二战期间日裔移民遭受集体监禁的悲剧。     

Employment Discrimination Against Older Workers

Pairs of resumes, one for a 57-year-old and the other for a 32-year-old, were mailed to 775 large firms and employment agencies across the United States. Although the resumes presented equal qualifications, the older job seeker received a less favorable employer response 26.5% of times when a position appeared to be vacant. Vigorous enforcement of equal opportunity laws as well as initiatives to change employer attitudes are appropriate responses to such discrimination. The technique of employment testing, demonstrated in this research, can be useful in both efforts.     

Failure to Address African Americans’ Spiritual Needs During Hospitalization: Identifying Predictors of Dissatisfaction Across the Arc of Service Provision

Using a national sample of recently hospitalized older African Americans (N = 2,227), this study identified predictors of dissatisfaction with the manner in which clients’ spiritual needs were addressed during hospitalization. Of 8 major areas of service provision examined, 3 were significant predictors of dissatisfaction: nurses, physicians, and the discharge process. The findings underscore the importance of collaborative efforts to address elderly Black clients’ spiritual needs. Social workers, who frequently oversee the discharge process, can play an important role in addressing African Americans’ spiritual needs by developing discharge plans that incorporate clients’ spiritual strengths and resources into the planning process.     

An Exploration of Violence Among Homeless Women with Emotional Disabilities

Abstract

This research found a high incidence of violence among homeless women with emotional disabilities. The study reports that 82 percent of the homeless women with emotional disabilities had a history of violence in their lives. The most common form of violence was physical; the least common was sexual abuse. The practice and policy implications for these findings are discussed. It is suggested that the Olmstead v. L. C. (1998) ruling under the Americans With Disabilities Act might force states to provide better services to homeless women with a history of violence and emotional disabilities.     

Neighborhood and Community Organizing in Colonias

ABSTRACT

Promotores are leaders in traditional Mexican communities whose role in agrarian life dates back to the land reform movement following the revolution. Recently, there have been efforts at developing these roles in the colonias in the United States' southwest as a means of providing health education and civic information in these hard-to-reach communities. This paper discusses an example of how community organizers incorporated the promotora concept among a group of women to bring about social and political change in their colonia.