论《儒林外史》中的兄弟组合

《儒林外史》写了兄弟33组共83人,其数量之众令人注目。兄弟组合的命名已成为一种富有文化意味的褒贬人物的手段;兄弟间的性格往往构成互比映衬关系;兄弟组合形象的塑造兼有一种勾联前后人物、故事的结构功能,同时还寄寓了吴敬梓对兄弟关系的思考。     

Is the Source of Reinforcement for Naming Multiple Conditioned Reinforcers for Observing Responses?

Naming refers to the incidental acquisition of word-object relations as listener and speaker without explicit reinforcement. To investigate possible sources of reinforcement for naming, we examined the effects of a procedure for conditioning reinforcement for observing responses on the emergence of naming in children who previously lacked it. The participants were three 5- to 7-year-old children with and without diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder. During the intervention, either visual or auditory stimuli were first conditioned as reinforcers for observing responses. Then, neutral visual or auditory stimuli were paired with the conditioned visual or auditory stimuli until both visual and auditory stimuli acquired reinforcing properties for observing. Following this intervention, the participants demonstrated naming of stimuli that had been used in pretests for naming, as well as on a novel set of stimuli. We observed increases in echoic responding in conjunction with the emergence of naming and conditioned reinforcement for both observing responses. We interpret the data as suggesting that listener and speaker repertoires are joined for naming only when both visual and auditory stimuli reinforce the observing responses of looking and listening simultaneously.     

孔子正名论与孔门文学观

孔子的正名说是礼学,在先秦诸家名学中自开一派。其正礼乐、正刑法、正民风、正身、正言等正名思想,孔子的文学观来自于孔子正名说。后代学者所引论、阐发的孔子文学观,由于受到其他学派的影响,很难代表孔子的原意。     

孔子的逻辑思想新探

本文以孔子传统的“正名”逻辑思想为基础 ,从概念 (名 )的定义、推理、思维规律等方面对孔子的逻辑思想进行大胆探索 ,进一步论证了孔子是中国古典逻辑的启蒙和先驱     

Emergent Tact Control Following Stimulus Pairing: Comparison of Procedural Variations

We examined emergent tact control following stimulus pairing, using 2 different stimulus presentation arrangements. In the word-first condition, presentation of the auditory stimulus preceded the visual stimulus, and in the image-first condition, the visual stimulus preceded the auditory stimulus. Eight children (2–5 years old) participated. In Experiment 1, 4 children were exposed to 3 sessions in each condition with a new set of stimuli in each session. In Experiment 2, 2 of the same children received repeated exposure to the same stimulus sets. Experiment 3, with new participants, was identical to Experiment 1, except visual and auditory stimuli overlapped during the presentation. Postsession probes documented emergent stimulus control over 1 or more vocal responses for 7 of the 8 participants. Participants were more likely to make echoic responses with the visual stimulus present in the word-first condition; however, emergent tact control was unaffected by the order of the stimulus presentation. Additional research is needed on stimulus-pairing procedures and on the role of echoic responding in emergent tact control.     

代群命名与代群语码

第五代电影神话使代群命名法成为铭记20世纪80年代中国电影文化格局的经典话语。基于个人经验的代群性,当个人经验被编码为一种艺术语言时,就生成了一种语义相对封闭而不能为其它代群所充分释读的语汇系统——代群语码。不同代群之间对相同历史场景的记忆和经验的差异性,是造成代群语码潜在语义隐秘性的最终根源。     

The Effects of Multiple Exemplar Instruction on the Relation Between Listener and Intraverbal Categorization Repertoires

We evaluated the effects of multiple exemplar instruction (MEI) on the relation between listener and intraverbal categorization repertoires of six typically developing preschool-age children using a nonconcurrent multiple-probe design across participants. After failing to emit intraverbal categorization responses following listener categorization training, participants were exposed to MEI in the form of alternating response forms (listener and intraverbal) during categorization training with novel stimulus sets. For two participants for whom there was some evidence of emergent intraverbal responding, responding was variable. For the remaining four participants, 32 to 99 MEI trial blocks produced minimal improvement in responding or no emergent responding at all. The results are discussed in terms of Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior and naming theory.     

中国的品牌命名--十类中国产品品牌名称的语言学分析

本文用语言学的分析方法分析了十类产品品名(共计1304个)的语言结构.这十类中国产品可分为三组,分别代表中国消费品的三个发展阶段传统产品(例如火柴和酒)、传统但有新发展的产品(例如自行车、鞋类、牙膏)和现代化的产品(例如化妆品、软饮料、洗衣机、电冰箱、电视机).本文的结论是中国品牌命名首先受汉语语言的音节、声调及构词法的特性的支配,同时,产品在中国市场经济中的发展阶段也是品牌命名中的一个重要因素.     

现代化“命名”与现代性追问的反差：兼论现代化的取向与问题

现代化是基于科技文明的实现过程而提出来的,但其中所包含的前提追问和由此所带来的问题是随着现代化的过程而逐步展示和生成出来。正是在现代化的过程中,才有现代性意义的赋予和现代性意蕴的生成。本文就拟从生成性思维来反思现代化“命名”与现代性追问的内在关联和反差,提出现代化问题的取向清晰的前提是现代性意识的“觉醒”和现代性意蕴的深度追问,那就是民族自主的生存与生活方式的自觉建构。     

论海德格尔的诗性语言观

语言思想是海德格尔后期存在论思想的重要方面。海德格尔承继了前期对传统语言思想中将语言视为言说工具的观点的批判。但同时,与前期相比,海氏后期的语言思想不再以＂此在＂为中心,从此在的生存论层面展开探讨;而把关注的重点投向了存在,认为语言之本质具有命名存在者、使存在者入于其自身所是的本真力量。本质性的语言即是诗。在诗与言的关系上,两者彼此规定,各自成其本质。海德格尔的这种诗性语言观,使得语言回到其本有的基础上,真正成为人类存在之＂家＂,从而对我们当下回归到诗意的生存具有重要的启示。