Energizing the ordinary: Biographical work and the future in stroke recovery narratives

Historically, the life course has been constructed as an organized and linear temporal progression. This holds true in various disciplines from education, to psychology, to counseling. The foundation of a life unfolding through temporal categorizations is documented in textbooks and theories that straddle these disciplines as well as many others, including the sociology of health and illness, which has often conceptualized the illness experience as embedded in a recovery trajectory.Here, we take this to task. Using Gubrium and Holstein's [Sociol. Inq. 65 (1995) 207; Gubrium, J., & Holstein, J., (1997). The new language of qualitative method. New York: Oxford University Press] analytic vocabulary of biographical work, we analyze narratives of stroke survivors by emphasizing the ordinary resources used as discursive foundations for the narrative production of the future in illness. Ordinary resources focused on include God and spirituality, comorbidities, and activity and leisure. The discussion is embedded in overarching concerns with “healthy aging” in gerontology and geriatrics.     

光纤技术在灵敏结构和皮肤中的应用

简介了近几年形成的“灵敏结构和皮肤”(Smart Structures and Skins)概念,介绍光纤技术在灵敏结构中的应用,提出光纤灵敏结构今后的几个主要研究课题。     

大学儒学组织的运行与演变逻辑——基于大学学科发展的权力-资源理论的实证研究

借鉴克拉克的学术权力理论,选取15家大学儒学组织,采用多案例分析方法,基于学科与学科组织的发展需要资源这一事实,以学科资源定义权力和权力主体,界定掌握学科资源的政府、院校、教师、社会四类权力主体,揭示影响大学儒学组织发展的基础逻辑。结果表明,政府-院校-教师之间呈现明显的权力等级结构,儒学组织所拥有的学科资源与其结构-功能之间存在对应关系,权力主体通过配置自己所掌控的学科资源,将学科资源投入儒学组织,决定了儒学组织的发展阶段。     

Tracking phantastic objects: A computer algorithmic investigation of narrative evolution in unstructured data sources

We develop social network and “relative sentiment shift” analysis techniques to study how financial narratives influence financial markets. First, we analyze Reuters News articles focusing on narratives about Fannie Mae. Second, we analyze Broadband and Energy narratives in the Enron Corporation email database. Combining datasets we show that phantastic object narratives can be detected and tracked as they develop and spread through networks to lead to a disconnect between narrative and underlying “reality”. The methods may be applicable to other text datasets to create early warnings.     

复句的系统复杂化与自繁殖

文章研究表明,偏正复句存在着有序的系统复杂化和自繁殖活动。它从联合领域的承接复句跨界向偏正领域的因果复句偏移开始。假设关系是在继承因果联系的基础上,由当下因果事态向预期因果事态变异而成,其所建立起的因果预期联系,为偏正复句的继发偏移补充了必备的逻辑基础。接下来,偏正复句通过模态变异、顺逆变异、项目变异、标记替换,更加活跃地以家族相似关系向其他各类型偏移。在偏移中,常量和变量的选择常发生变化,当一次繁殖成功后,新繁殖的复句类型便选择新的常量和变量,进行再度扩张,从而构成复句类型的链式演化。     

Job design and levels of physical and mental strain among Australian prison officers

Abstract

Over the past 15 years much has been made of the moderating influence of job discretion and support in occupations that are perceived to be high in demands. Such an effect seems to be most prevalent when subject populations are large and heterogeneous. One aim of this study was to examine the influence of subjective perceptions of these variables on strain reactions among a group of relatively homogeneous workers such as, in the present study, prison officers (n = 274). A second aim was to extend previous research and examine the joint influence of negative affectivity and perceptions of demands, discretion, and support on mental and physical well-being. It was hypothesized that those high in negative affect would be particularly strained by jobs perceived as being demanding. The hypothesized relationship between job demands, discretion and support were found to be weak and at times inconsistent. Social support, in particular, was found to have both positive and negative consequences for different aspects of well-being. Those high in negative affect were in general found to suffer lower mental well-being. More importantly, the interactive effect of negative affectivity and job demands was found to significantly predict the majority of the dependent variables used in this study. The valences of these relationships were inconsistent and are interpreted in light of Warr's (1987) vitamin model of stress.

There are several conclusions that can be drawn from the present study. Negative affectivity appears to have a truly interactive effect with job components, job demands in particular, to influence a range of variables relating to physical and mental health as well a job-related attitudes. The nature of these effects, however, suggests a dissociation in the ways that different independent variables influence a range of indices of well-being and affect. This result requires further investigation since there are important theoretical implications which will follow if the data are replicable.

In order to examine such complex effects, in addition to the need for more longitudinal studies, it is also important that standardized measures of job components are developed so that levels of stress exposure can be equated and their impact assessed across organizational settings.

Finally, the data reported in this study suggest that some effective stress management may be undertaken by adopting selection strategies which take into consideration individual characteristics. In view of the fact that individual stress management programmes are of unproven benefit (Murphy 1986, 1988) such an approach is recommended especially for those organizations which are highly constrained in the services that must be performed.     

中介语石化现象的调查研究

中介语石化现象是目前第二语言习得研究的热点之一.从实证的角度出发,首先概述了主要的石化理论,然后阐述并分析了对学习者句法结构运用状况的问卷调查,最后针对如何避免和减少句法结构的石化现象提出建议.     

基于叙事方法的导游成长影响因素研究

运用叙事方法研究导游成长的影响因素,发现促进导游成长的因素主要有:不懈的学习与思考的习惯,良好的职业道德素质,企业、游客和同事的认可及适度的压力。制约导游成长的因素主要有:学校培养模式落后,在职培训机制不健全,薪酬体系不合理,导游级别的评定缺乏激励以及不良的舆论影响。针对制约因素,提出促进导游成长的策略,以期促进导游的迅速、健康成长,为旅游业的发展提供良好的基础条件。     

试论汉英思维方式在句子结构中的反映

汉英思维方式及其句子结构的差异构成外语教学中的主要障碍。本文试图分析汉英思维方式的差异以及它们在各自句子中的反映 ,指出汉英“意合”及“形合”、汉语以时间顺序排列及英语以空间架构的特点。     

河南省城市流强度与结构研究

城市流强度是表征城市对外服务功能的量化指标,它描述了城市对外联系的强弱。研究表明:它与城市中心性指数具有特别强的相关性。本文以河南省为研究区域,通过城市流强度与结构的分析,研究了河南省17城市对外服务功能的大小和城市流的产业分布情况;按照第二、三产业城市流强度比,将河南省分成几种功能类型区,并据此提出改善和提高城市对外服务功能的措施。