《孔雀东南飞》的叙事特点

《孔雀东南飞》是汉代最具有代表性的长篇叙事诗,除了在思想内容方面具有重要研究价值之外,其较高的叙事 成就也是值得关注的。本文将从叙事线索、叙事者、叙事时间这三个方面对《孔雀东南飞》的叙事特点进行分析,并尝试将《孔 雀东南飞》与其前期及同期的叙事诗相比所体现出来的独到之处归纳出来,从而证明《孔雀东南飞》的叙事成就。     

公民信任结构——论非政府组织应对公共危机的微观基础

应对现代公共危机在很大程度上已无法依靠单个政府或个体,非政府组织的参与成为一种趋势。以往针对非政府组织应对公共危机的研究多基于国家、政府等宏观语境,忽视了微观视角的探讨。公民的信任结构是非政府组织应对公共危机的重要微观基础,主要划分成三个维度：微观、中观和宏观,基于公民的信任结构和各种互惠网络,非政府组织形成了应对公共危机的整合性力量。在公共危机发生的各个阶段,公民的信任结构发挥着信任网络启动、信任结构巩固、信任资源重建与再生产的作用,从而为非政府组织施展行动力提供了多种机会空间。     

A study of sign adjustment in weighted signed networks

We analyse the adjustment of networks comprising of weighted positive (P) and negative (N) symmetric relations under the impact of various balancing rules. Five kinds of rules are studied: (1) a local minimal edge adjustment which is a special case of, (2) a local pressure based rule, (3) a local sign based rule, (4) a global rule and (5) rules varying on a local to global dimension. The convergence and convergent proportions of different 3-cycles and, thus the impact upon β(3) balance, under the different kinds of adjustment rule are studied both analytically and through simulation. The effects of network size (n), density (d) and the initial proportion of positive edges (α₀) upon the convergence of 3-cycles and, thus, balance and the eventual implications for the process of group formation are explored.     

从集体化叙事到个人化叙事——《创业史》与《平凡的世界》叙事模式比较论

《创业史》与《平凡的世界》所采用的不同叙事方式体现了农村题材现实主义小说在“十七年”和“新时期”从集体化叙事到个人化叙事的转变。从人物形象的塑造、文本结构的安排、“家”意象的讲述来看这一变迁,可以窥见“十七年”到“新时期”对于农村题材现实主义小说讲述方式的不同。     

句子结构调整与文学翻译的对等问题——读杨必译《名利场》有感

《名利场》是英国著名批判现实主义作家萨克雷的成名之作。已故翻译家杨必的译本在力求保持原著丰姿的基础上摆脱了原文语言结构的束缚,不拘于原文句式的限制,大胆进行句子结构调整：拆长句为短句,化整句为散句;转换句式,调整语序;适当增补,展词成句。她用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现了原语的信息和风韵。     

从“家族”走向“中产阶层”——上海城市社会史视野中的张爱玲

张爱玲是一位最难将其置于"国家政治地图"上来加以辨识的作家,她的历史经纬只在一座城市。借助上海中产阶层的"社会地利",张氏在这座市声喧哗的城市里,为自己营构了一种"于其中但隔其外"的生活形态和心理位置。她将一种最富象征意义的"都市人"——身心俱在城市化过程的中产阶层作为凝眸对象,并经其心理轨迹,触及了中国"现代性"的两个核心问题:社会"合理化"过程中的人性归宿和中西文化调适,并描绘出传统中国在都会上海的一种变易图式——从"家族"走向城市中产阶层。     

Implications of spatial and physical structures for ICT as a tool of urban management and development in Cameroon

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) hold enormous promise for development efforts in developing countries. However, the potential of ICTs remains untapped for reasons that are largely unknown in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This region has the lowest level of ICT penetration in the world. The need to understand impediments to ICT performance are therefore most urgent in this region. This paper seeks to address this need by identifying factors that inhibit the functionality of ICT as a tool for improving urban management. It analyzes two cities in the region, namely Douala and Yaounde, respectively Cameroon’s economic/cultural and politico-administrative capitals. The following three factors are shown to impede the functioning of ICT devices, hence urban management in these cities: colonial racial segregation policies, the colonial legacy of land use compartmentalization and the lack of unambiguous physical addresses for structures in the built environment. It is suggested that concerned authorities institute the following measures. 1] Establish an unambiguous addressing system reposed on the municipal governance structure and the country’s vehicle matriculation taxonomy. 2] Actively promote ICT as an element of national development. Finally, it presents some examples of efforts to improve ICT penetration and functionality from Senegal and South Africa.     

Checking identifiability of covariance parameters in linear mixed effects models

To build a linear mixed effects model, one needs to specify the random effects and often the associated parametrized covariance matrix structure. Inappropriate specification of the structures can result in the covariance parameters of the model not identifiable. Non-identifiability can result in extraordinary wide confidence intervals, and unreliable parameter inference. Sometimes software produces implication of model non-identifiability, but not always. In the simulation of fitting non-identifiable models we tried, about half of the times the software output did not look abnormal. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions of covariance parameters identifiability which does not require any prior model fitting. The results are easy to implement and are applicable to commonly used covariance matrix structures.     

Academic opportunity structures and the creation of campus activism

Past research points to elite, liberal and/or wealthy universities and colleges as the most likely sites of campus activism. In addition, periods of high social movement mobilization in society in general are given credit in spurring student activists. In contrast, this study examines how a feminist activist subculture is created on a conservative campus at a time of subdued societal activism. I draw on a four-year ethnography of a U.S.-based, feminist-oriented student organization to conceptualize how universities facilitate student groups through an ‘academic opportunity structure,’ and in the process promote the development of an activist subculture. In doing so, I argue that universities, like the political and cultural environment, can be open or closed to campus activism. When there is a favourable environment, universities require the creation of formalized organizations, centralized leadership, and an institutional history. In response to meeting these requirements, universities then provide necessary resources to student groups and facilitate activism. These academic opportunity structures then foster activist subcultures that allow student groups to continue over time with the potential to influence the larger university culture.     

从"才子文心"到叙事文的生命形态——金圣叹"才子文心"概念的现代解读

明清时期,以金圣叹为代表的评点家惊叹于叙事文的审美形态,努力追寻其"不得不然"的内在特征.他们从"才子文心"出发探求叙事文形式美的根源,进而追溯至叙事文内在的生命特征,即"文"自身所具有的一种内在驱动力.实际上,这种"文"的生命动力特征并非与文人"无与",而是文人创作过程中"心"与"文"融而为一所达到审美自由境界,金圣叹所说的"化境"即是这样的境界.