张爱玲小说中的"审"父情结

父亲与子女间的关系是张爱玲小说艺术的一个重要视角,她用锐利的笔锋道出了一类类丑恶的父子关系。文章从父爱谈起,就张爱玲小说中父亲与子女间扭曲的亲情关系进行一次整体的概括和分析,并探讨其在张爱玲小说创作中的意义。     

Social Fathering in Low‐Income,African American Families with Preschool Children

Although research increasingly focuses on nonresident biological fathers, little attention has been given to the role of other men in children's lives. The authors examine the factors associated with social father presence and their influence on preschoolers' development. Findings indicate that the majority of children have a social father and that mother, child, and nonresident biological father characteristics are all related to social father presence. These associations differ depending on whether the social father is the mother's romantic partner or a male relative. The social father's influence on children's development also depends on his relationship to the child. Male relative social fathers are associated with higher levels of children's school readiness, whereas mothers' romantic partner social fathers are associated with lower levels of emotional maturity.     

Paternal Work Stress and Latent Profiles of Father–Infant Parenting Quality

The current study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine the implications of fathers' experiences of work stress for paternal behaviors with infants across multiple dimensions of parenting in a sample of fathers living in nonmetropolitan communities (N = 492). LPA revealed five classes of fathers based on levels of social–affective behaviors and linguistic stimulation measured during two father–infant interactions. Multinomial logistic regression analyses suggested that a less supportive work environment was associated with fathers' membership in multiple lower quality parenting classes. Greater work pressure and a nonstandard work schedule also predicted fathers' membership in the latent parenting classes, although these associations differed depending on the number of hours fathers spent in the workplace.     

诉前社会调查制度探微

从报应主义转向教育主义是刑罚理念现代化的重要标志之一。为顺应此种发展趋势,社区矫正这一保安处分应运而生。在我国,社区矫正从部分地区试点到全国推行已十载有余,而适用社区矫正之前的社会调查工作仍鲜为人知。目前,部分地区已尝试推行了诉前社会调查制度,该制度肇始于美国的“缓刑资格调查制度”,其理论支撑为“犯罪三因素论”和“刑罚个别化”理论。然而,司法实践中,这一制度在顺应刑罚执行轻缓化、人道化、矫正教育化趋势的同时,仍面临着异地社会调查难以执行、调查评估人员专业化程度低、民众的配合力度不足、调查方式过于单一化、调查流于形式以及因调查评估报告可能涉及品格证据而不被采纳等问题,此类问题严重阻碍了诉前社会调查制度应有价值之实现。因此,有必要从建立跨区域社会调查协作机制、对调查评估队伍进行专业化建设、加强制度宣传、植入回避规定等方面出发,构建一条完善该制度的最优化路径。     

Workplace support and European fathers’ use of state policies promoting shared childcare

ABSTRACT

Social policies such as paternity leave and parental leave offer fathers the opportunity to be more involved in childcare than earlier generations of fathers. While such policies are increasingly offered by governments around the world, research by the International Network on Leave Policies and Research shows that many European fathers do not take advantage of these benefits, despite fathers’ growing interest in participation in early childcare. This article introduces a special issue devoted to understanding how the workplace can impact European fathers’ interest in and abilities to take leave, a topic that has received relatively little research attention. The articles in the special issue suggest that barriers to European fathers’ leavetaking are deeply embedded in workplace culture and work practices and will be difficult to eradicate without a dramatic challenge to the concept of the male ideal worker, who prioritizes work above family.     

Workplace support of fathers’ parental leave use in Norway

ABSTRACT

This article highlights the importance of social policy and working life contexts for employed fathers’ use of parental leave. It directs attention towards the Norwegian model, which is known for its gender equality aims and welfare-state support to families, but which is also active in the regulation of working life. Based on interviews with fathers who have used the father’s quota (a statutory, earmarked, non-transferable leave), findings run counter to work–family research where gendered assumptions in work organizations are found to prevent active fathering. The interviewed fathers report positive attitudes and supportive practices among employers. Fathers’ stories show that their use of the leave is subject to cooperation and compromising processes at the workplace level that research on fatherhood and organizations have hardly addressed.     

Fathers’ Shared Book Reading Experiences: Common Behaviors,Frequency, Predictive Factors,and Developmental Outcomes

Abstract

A comprehensive critical review of the shared reading literature indicates that shared reading has the potential to yield positive developmental outcomes for children cognitively, socially, and emotionally. However, closer consideration of the literature further demonstrates that the extent and nature of parental sex differences is largely undocumented, though significant theoretical underpinnings suggest that mothers and fathers are likely to differ in quality of reading and linguistic exchanges with their sons and daughters. We review available literature on father’s shared reading to describe common father behaviors, frequency of fathers’ shared reading, factors predictive of fathers’ shared reading with children, and developmental outcomes for children. Implications for further research are elaborated.     

FATHERS TAKING PARENTAL LEAVE AND THEIR INVOLVEMENT WITH CHILDREN

Parental leave has been promoted as a way to enhance employed fathers’ involvement with their children. Leave patterns, factors affecting these patterns and the impact of taking leave on involvement with children were assessed for fathers in 38 couples. Parents, contacted through their employers, completed self-administered questionnaires on their work schedule changes after the arrival of a baby, reactions to these changes, childcare activities and attitudes. The mother's and father's assessments in each couple were averaged to measure 21 different aspects of fathers’ involvement. Fathers who took leave were more likely to share some specific childcare tasks with mothers than fathers who did not take leave but no differences were found for time spent with children or taking responsibility for childcare. Parents’ equalitarian beliefs, income and education had more impact than taking leave on fathers’ overall involvement in childcare.

Se ha promovido La Licencia de Paternidad como una forma para ayudar a los padres que están empleados a involucrarse con sus hijos. Los patrones de estas licencias, los factores que afectan estos patrones, y el impacto que tiene esta licencia en las relaciones con los niños fueron evaluadas por los padres en 38 parejas. Los padres, contactados por sus empleadores, completaron cuestionarios sobre los cambios en sus horarios de trabajo después de la llegada del bebé, las reacciones a esos cambios, actividades para el cuidado del niño, y sus actitudes. Se hizo un promedio midiendo los 21 diferentes aspectos del involucro de los padres presentado en las evaluaciones hechas por la madre y el padre en cada pareja. Los padres que tomaron licencia de paternidad, generalmente compartieron con la madre algunos aspectos específicos para el cuidado del niño a diferencia de los padres que no tomaron la licencia, pero no se encontraron diferencias sobre el tiempo empleado con los niños o en las responsabilidades del cuidado de los mismos. En general, las creencias sobre la igualdad, la situación económica y la educación de los padres, tuvo más impacto que el involucrarse totalmente en el cuidado de los niños de los padres con licencia de paternidad.