试论北宋时期河南的畜牧业

北宋时期河南畜牧业发展迅猛,尤其是官营牧马业空前繁盛。从地域上看,京师开封的畜牧业独占鳌头,豫西洛阳、豫北安阳、新乡、豫西南南阳等地畜牧业异军突起,淮河流域的信阳则相对落后。畜牧业的发展得益于北宋时期气候的寒冷,农牧分界线的南移;三京四辅无与伦比的政治地位以及河南本身的自然地理条件。     

天津开埠后近代华北乡村手工业生产的调整（1861-1936）

随着1860年天津口岸开埠通商,在对外贸易与近代工业化发展的刺激下,华北地区的传统手工业也发生了深刻的变革。手工纺纱业逐步走向衰落,而手工织布业由此而兴盛起来;部分手工业如地毯业、草帽辫、花边和发网等因出口贸易的发展而兴起。     

Firearm presence and storage practices in North Carolina homes

Firearms injuries are a leading cause of injury and death in North Carolina, including suicide, homicide, intentional assault, and unintentional injuries. Research has demonstrated that the presence of a firearm in a household increases the risk for homicide and suicide. This study examined two firearms-related risk factors, the presence of a firearm in the household and risky storage practices (loaded and unlocked), using the 2011 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). We hypothesized that among household firearm owners, those who keep unlocked loaded firearms would be varied by demographic variables and also by tendencies for more risk-taking behaviors such as smoking and drinking. Results showed that those who were more likely to keep firearms in or around the home were male, older age, White race, married, with some post high school education, and with higher income. There were no differences by region, age, race, education, or income among those who kept firearms loaded and unlocked. Risky storage practices were related to social conditions such as marital status and number of adults and children in the household. The presence of firearms was lower among those who lived alone; however, among those with a firearm in the household, 42% of single adult households keep a loaded and/or unlocked firearm in the house, and up to 30% of households with children do as well. Behavioral risk factors such as smoking, binge drinking, and not using a seatbelt when driving a car were also related to firearms possession and storage conditions.     

怀特海机体哲学的基本思想

怀特海没有拒斥形而上学,反而着力创造了一种新的形而上学体系——机体哲学。在其哲学思想中,他不仅回应了20世纪初西方哲学界对形而上学的挑战,而且对有关本体论、认识论以及哲学归宿等思想都有一些自己独特的看法。在本体论上,怀特海坚持过程（机体）就是实在,实在就是过程,过程既是机体哲学的出发点,也是其哲学的归宿;在认识论上,他反对认识对象的主客二分,主张主体与客体的统一;在哲学的归宿上,怀特海认为上帝是关系过程的一部分,每一种场合都体现着上帝,也在上帝身上体现出来。虽然怀特海的过程（机体）哲学终归以上帝作为其最后的价值归宿,但在其机体哲学中所阐述的思想与观点,对当代哲学的发展有着一定的启示。     

华北地区女性祈雨研究

祈雨活动在中国漫长的封建社会中是上至君臣下至百姓的一件大事。祈雨仪式的一个最大特点是其全民性。女性是祈雨活动中的一个特殊群体。本文就其特殊角色进行了民俗学解读。     

Helping Young People Stay Afloat: A Qualitative Study of Community Resources and Supports for LGBTQ Adolescents in the United States and Canada

LGBTQ youth are at increased risk of poor health outcomes. This qualitative study gathered data from LGBTQ adolescents regarding their communities and describes the resources they draw on for support. We conducted 66 go-along interviews with diverse LGBTQ adolescents (mean age = 16.6) in Minnesota, Massachusetts, and British Columbia in 2014–2015, in which interviewers accompanied participants in their communities to better understand those contexts. Their responses were systematically organized and coded for common themes, reflecting levels of the social ecological model. Participants described resources at each level, emphasizing organizational, community, and social factors such as LGBTQ youth organizations and events, media presence, and visibility of LGBTQ adults. Numerous resources were identified, and representative themes were highly consistent across locations, genders, orientations, racial/ethnic groups, and city size. Findings suggest new avenues for research with LGBTQ youth and many opportunities for communities to create and expand resources and supports for this population.     

田野关系是理论与方法的双重工具

他文化学者之间、他文化学者与本地学者之间、学者与被调查民众之间关系的组合和合作 ,构成了田野关系。田野关系既是理论 ,也是方法。它被用来搜集、描述和解释民俗志资料 ,它规定了学者把自己纳入研究对象的整个民俗文化网中的行为模式。田野关系使田野工作变为田野研究 ,而不只是搜集资料     

Midwifery in Middle Eastern and North African countries: A scoping review

BackgroundWhile midwives are positioned as critical providers for improving sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn health outcomes in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries, the standards of midwifery have not been explored systematically in this region.AimThe purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of existing literature on midwifery practice, education, and regulation in MENA countries in the context of ICM standards.MethodsA search was conducted inclusive of English and Persian written studies published between 2000 and 2019 in CINAHL plus; Ovid MEDLINE; PubMed; Scopus; and grey literature. Title and abstract and full-text review were performed in Covidence, and data extraction and synthesis performed using NVivo 12.ResultsThe initial search identified 7,994 articles. Overall, 139 studies were included in the review. Although, the primary concept of most included studies was “midwifery practice”, “midwifery regulation” was addressed in limited way. Approximately 90% were from Middle Eastern countries. Forty-two per cent of studies used cross-sectional designs, and most originated from Iran, Jordan, and Palestine. Diversity was found in midwifery education, practice and regulation across the MENA countries. Midwives from different nations had uneven levels of proficiency, scope of practice, and education. Midwifery curricula were aligned with ICM competencies in some countries. Most countries had midwifery associations and were members of ICM. Some countries had regulations recognising midwifery as an autonomous profession.ConclusionMidwifery practice, education and regulation in MENA countries were not always comparable with ICM standards, although some progress was evident.     

试论英属北美殖民地人权思想的特点及形成

本文概述了英属北美殖民地人权思想的主要内容、基本特点、形成途径 ,阐明了作为上层建筑的人权思想是北美殖民地经济、政治、文化斗争的产物 ,它对后来美国人权理论和政策予以深刻的影响