华北地区女性祈雨研究

祈雨活动在中国漫长的封建社会中是上至君臣下至百姓的一件大事。祈雨仪式的一个最大特点是其全民性。女性是祈雨活动中的一个特殊群体。本文就其特殊角色进行了民俗学解读。     

Helping Young People Stay Afloat: A Qualitative Study of Community Resources and Supports for LGBTQ Adolescents in the United States and Canada

LGBTQ youth are at increased risk of poor health outcomes. This qualitative study gathered data from LGBTQ adolescents regarding their communities and describes the resources they draw on for support. We conducted 66 go-along interviews with diverse LGBTQ adolescents (mean age = 16.6) in Minnesota, Massachusetts, and British Columbia in 2014–2015, in which interviewers accompanied participants in their communities to better understand those contexts. Their responses were systematically organized and coded for common themes, reflecting levels of the social ecological model. Participants described resources at each level, emphasizing organizational, community, and social factors such as LGBTQ youth organizations and events, media presence, and visibility of LGBTQ adults. Numerous resources were identified, and representative themes were highly consistent across locations, genders, orientations, racial/ethnic groups, and city size. Findings suggest new avenues for research with LGBTQ youth and many opportunities for communities to create and expand resources and supports for this population.     

田野关系是理论与方法的双重工具

他文化学者之间、他文化学者与本地学者之间、学者与被调查民众之间关系的组合和合作 ,构成了田野关系。田野关系既是理论 ,也是方法。它被用来搜集、描述和解释民俗志资料 ,它规定了学者把自己纳入研究对象的整个民俗文化网中的行为模式。田野关系使田野工作变为田野研究 ,而不只是搜集资料     

Midwifery in Middle Eastern and North African countries: A scoping review

BackgroundWhile midwives are positioned as critical providers for improving sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn health outcomes in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries, the standards of midwifery have not been explored systematically in this region.AimThe purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of existing literature on midwifery practice, education, and regulation in MENA countries in the context of ICM standards.MethodsA search was conducted inclusive of English and Persian written studies published between 2000 and 2019 in CINAHL plus; Ovid MEDLINE; PubMed; Scopus; and grey literature. Title and abstract and full-text review were performed in Covidence, and data extraction and synthesis performed using NVivo 12.ResultsThe initial search identified 7,994 articles. Overall, 139 studies were included in the review. Although, the primary concept of most included studies was “midwifery practice”, “midwifery regulation” was addressed in limited way. Approximately 90% were from Middle Eastern countries. Forty-two per cent of studies used cross-sectional designs, and most originated from Iran, Jordan, and Palestine. Diversity was found in midwifery education, practice and regulation across the MENA countries. Midwives from different nations had uneven levels of proficiency, scope of practice, and education. Midwifery curricula were aligned with ICM competencies in some countries. Most countries had midwifery associations and were members of ICM. Some countries had regulations recognising midwifery as an autonomous profession.ConclusionMidwifery practice, education and regulation in MENA countries were not always comparable with ICM standards, although some progress was evident.     

言情慷慨与巧构形似--魏晋南朝诗歌意象美学风貌再比较

魏晋重情的时代风气促使诗歌中出现了主体情感笼罩、充满在客体物象之上的言情慷慨的主观性意象,它表现为强烈的主观情感对物象的拟人化改造和情感对意象组合的直接驱动与构结.与此相对的则是主体情感蓄敛、隐潜在客体物象之中的巧构形似的客体性意象,在客观性意象中,诗人尊重物象自身的生命特征,物象吸收、融化了情感,对一泻无余的情感冲击力加以形式化的审美节制与缓冲,形成诗歌意象浑融含蓄的审美空间.     

明朝"提督会同馆主事"设置探微

“提督会同馆主事”是明朝礼部主客司为管理会同馆而设置的专职官员。本文通过对史料的进一步搜集排比,否定了提督会同馆主事最早设置于弘治五年(1492年)的一贯认识,认为可以上溯到50年前的正统(1436年-1449年)后期;指出提督会同馆主事在明朝总共设置过4次,虽遭受多次裁革,但废而复设,实际废置时间极短。提督会同馆主事的设置,凸显了明朝与外国及边疆少数民族之间交往的深入与加强。     

Social policy planning in a federal structure: A social learning strategy

Current social welfare policy planning reflects an inadequate sense of the problems to be solved and an incentive structure which discourages responsible decision making. Proceeding from overly simple cause and effect models, social welfare policies are designed with detailed administrative regulations to insure uniformity and regularity of behavior across the states. When problems are not solved, policy makers focus on the failures of personnel to follow all the detailed regulations. This leads to additional efforts to enforce compliance. There is evidence that implementation personnel consistently and purposively do stretch or ignore regulations in order to service clients. An alternative to further detailed regulations then is to use the autonomy of state units in the federal structure by eliminating negative incentives to innovation and creating incentives to experiment with alternative programs. As a social learning strategy this would encourage innovation and make it possible to learn from the experience of personnel who daily confront the realities of welfare problems and the large array of administrative details.     

《华北伪政权史稿》评介

《华北伪政权史稿》是华北抗战史研究的新成果。该书的问世,填补了华北抗战史研究领域的一项空白。     

北美休闲研究的发展:对中国的影响

在北美,休闲学的大学课程始于20世纪40年代。休闲学大量借鉴了其他学科的理论,特别是社会心理学、心理学和社会学等学科领域的理论,如社会群体理论、自我决定理论、流畅理论等。有关休闲制约和协商的理论有助于认识积极的生活。在北美,大众休闲具有牢固的传统,因此中国的休闲研究绝不能无视普通公民获得更大休闲机会的巨大社会需求。该研究必须着重了解因工业化和城市化的迅速发展而产生的这些变化,了解休闲服务供给组织的需要;同时,该研究的发展还必须符合中国自身的文化与历史。考虑到中国社会更具集体性这一特点,休闲人口分析研究应先于社会心理学研究。如何在未来十年里打造休闲产业对中国未来的发展将起到至关重要的作用。