辛亥革命前十年苏北的民变状况

辛亥革命前十年 ,下层群众的民变是促动辛亥革命酝酿、发生的一支不可忽视的力量 ,而苏北民变对江苏省在辛亥革命中和平光复起到了积极的作用。本文对辛亥革命前十年苏北民变的状况、原因、特点进行了分析探讨。     

以盐化工业为主导推进南北互联互动

榆林南北差距是在工业化过程中形成的,能够也只能在工业化过程中消除。近期发展南部工业,实现南北互联互动,把盐化工业作为主导产业,是比较现实性的选择。     

Professionals' attitudes towards men in early childhood education: A national study

A national sample of women and men working in early childhood education was drawn from the membership of the National Association for the Education of Young Children in order to assess their attitudes toward the suitability, professional practice, and administrative capabilities of men in early childhood education. Men and women were found to hold similar views toward the capabilities and roles of male preschool teachers across all these areas. The general lack of polarity of attitudes between men and women on many popularlyheld beliefs about men in the early childhood field is discussed in relation to previous alleged stereotyped attitudes toward male preschool teachers.     

Family violence: A microeconomic approach

A model of violence between adult family members is developed by integrating material from the sociological theories of family violence and social exchange, and the economic theories of crime and the family. Based on this model a decrease in the dictator's internal sanctions against violence would be expected to increase the amount of time allocated to violence by the dictator. Further, if the level of fines and other monetary costs imposed by external agencies (e.g., the courts) as a result of the family violence do not vary with the level of violence, then the model indicates that an increase in such monetary sanctions will cause a reduction in the amount of time the dictator allocates to violence. If both the dictator and victim are risk neutral, an increase in the probability of external intervention will decrease the time allocated to violence. In addition, it is found that increases in the opportunities available to the victim outside the marriage will tend to improve the well-being of the victim in the marriage even if it has no effect on the time allocated to violence by the dictator. The model also provides insights for empirical work in family violence such as (1) suggestions of relevant independent variables, (2) the specification of a functional form for estimation, and (3) the specification of an error structure for the empirical model.     

北宋时期汴河的历史作用及其治理

汴河最早渊源于东汉汴渠、魏、晋、北、魏、隋、唐。历代都对其有所整治。安史之乱后 ,藩镇割据 ,五代汴河遂多年失修 ,到北宋已是淤积多害之水。汴河对于首都汴京有重要意义 ,北宋政府对汴河进行大规模的整治。治理后的汴河在运输、农业灌溉等方面起了重要作用。     

民国时期“闯关东”运动的特点探析

民国以来,华北民众的"闯关东"运动持续发展,至20世纪20年代中后期达到顶峰.然而,"九·一八"事变的爆发使整个人口迁移的形势为之一变.事变后闯关移民的年龄、性别、职业构成、地域分布等方面与事变前迥然不同,呈现出新的特点.通过对民国时期"闯关东"运动特点的考察,可以看出,"九·一八"事变前,华北向东北的人口迁移是我国农村劳动力的自由流动,其性质属于中国人口自发的国内转移,是中华民族自身的客观调节运动.事变后,进入东北地区的华北人口,不再是自由流入谋生,而是被作为"苦力"招骗而来,其实质是为日本的经济侵略和殖民统治服务.     

Putting schools as socio/economic institutions back into educational evaluation: A response to Kean and McNamara

A number of individuals have proposed the gradual refinement of existing programs, rather than their continual closing down, as a safeguard against educational fads and political pressures. The gradual refinement thesis is extended, refined, and criticized in this article. A different unit of analysis is proposed, one which takes into account the role of educational institutions in assisting in the reproduction of both cultural and economic inequality. It is argued that decisions about the gradual refinement of programs and institutions are not only technical but ideological and politico/economic in nature. Criteria for deciding on gradual refinement, based on a strategy of nonreformist reforms, are suggested.     

清代中朝之间的边市贸易及影响

中江市、会宁市、庆源市是清代中朝之间的三个重要边市。三市都是在清政府提议下开设的。三市交易均由清政府主持,有一定制度、规模。三市交易促进了两国经济的发展。     

皖北地区农业产业化概况及若干思考

本文介绍了皖北地区农业产业化的概况,指出了其中存在的主要问题并提出了一些相关的建议。     

日本入侵华北与昭和天皇

日本关东军强占我国东北地区、建立伪满洲国之后,又加紧谋划侵吞热河,以武力胁迫中国政府签订《塘沽协定》,并积极向华北进行武力扩张,推进"华北分离政策"。在这一过程中,昭和天皇不仅清楚地了解整个战局,而且通过增兵支援、颁布敕语等方式认可并嘉奖了关东军的侵略行径,助长了日本法西斯主义的蔓延。