印度战略文化及其变迁机制

自20世纪90年代战略文化成为备受关注的议题以来,从战略文化视角解释印度外交战略的研究不胜枚举.学术界对印度战略文化的研究普遍受到文化“稳定性”、“持久性”等基本特征的限制,主要从静止的视角围绕其起源、属性与形态等方面展开论述.本文试图从动态视角理解印度战略文化,构建战略文化生成与变迁理论框架.通过对战略文化的类型划分发现,印度在冷战时期形成了防御为主、进攻为辅的协调型战略文化,冷战后形成了强进攻性偏好的冲突型战略文化.作为印度战略文化变迁的首要条件,环境认知推动了印度国内政治程序的修正,从而影响了战略文化变迁.具体而言,国际体系环境的变化重塑了印度决策精英对国家安全的判断,并内化成新的观念体系.全新观念体系驱使决策精英行为偏好改变,且通过国内政治程序的修正上升为特定取向的国家战略偏好,最终生成全新的战略文化.     

移民问题与印度特里普拉邦的动荡

特里普拉自并入印度以来,局势长期动荡,移民问题是造成这一状况的主要原因。特里普拉邦是印度建国后唯一的外来移民数量超过本地原住民的邦。跨国界涌入的孟加拉人与当地原住部落民在自然资源、公共权力等领域存在激烈的竞争与矛盾,国内非自愿移民使问题更加复杂。为了维护切身利益,原住部落民成立了多支地下武装组织,部落民与非部落民之间的冲突造成了严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。特里普拉邦的情况是探讨南亚地区移民问题对当地社会经济影响的典型个案之一。     

东晋南朝医学知识的新发展:以医家、病者为中心的研究

本文以医家、病者为中心,结合医籍的相关叙述,来探讨东晋南朝医学知识的新发展。文中分析指出,此时期医家与病者多数都是出自社会地位较高的士大夫阶层。作为病者,他们世代内部通婚,过度优逸,嗜好饮酒,易受精神刺激,早婚多妾侍,多种因素导致了体貌柔弱,不堪劳作。显现于医学典籍,则是许多医方以体质偏虚之人为预设目标。而又作为医家的他们,传习家学,博通医术,或由信仰之故,兼修岐黄,这促使医界病源学理盛行以及佛道知识常被引入医书。综合诸历史迹象,作者认为东晋南朝医学知识有显著的贵胜特点。     

新发现的南社诗人张素小说作品

《远东报》是晚清东北地区最早的中文报纸,其“文苑”专栏所刊载的大量文学作品,至今尚未引起学界关注。当时主持《远东报》笔政的乃是南社诗人张素,他以“婴”或“婴公”为笔名,在《远东报》上刊发了他的长篇小说《最新之儒林外史》和若干诗词作品。通过对这些材料的搜集与整理,丰富了我们对这位南社诗人的认识。     

北美殖民时期主流文学与印第安人形象

北美殖民时期不仅是美国文学的萌芽期,更是美国思想文化和民族性格的形成期。立足于殖民时期北美大陆特别是新英格兰地区主流作家创作的文学作品,将印第安人形象置于特定的历史、社会、文化语境下进行全面考察,不仅可以深化我们对这些作品的理解,而且有助于我们从一个全新的视角了解美利坚民族的思想文化体系和精神实质,从而更好地实现中西方文化的相互了解和共同繁荣。     

《金银岛》:西方人的“东方幻象”

英国19世纪晚期作家罗伯特.斯蒂文森的名作《金银岛》中潜藏着根深蒂固的东方主义思维方式。小说中的金银岛与广义的东方现实世界存在客观联系,而萨义德对东方主义的分析批判可以揭示小说中的东方主义文本性态度和东方主义对东方的对象化现象。总之,《金银岛》体现了东方主义"东方化"和"包容"东方的愿望,金银岛及岛上财宝代表着被东方主义扭曲了的东方形象。     

Negotiated identities: Male migration and left-behind wives in India

This paper examines the impact of husbands’ migration on the lives of women left behind. Using data from the India Human Development Survey 2005, we focus on two dimensions of women’s lives: women’s autonomy and control over their lives; and women’s labour force participation. Results suggest that household structure forms the key mediating factor through which husbands’ absence affects women. Women not residing in extended families are faced with both higher levels of responsibilities and greater autonomy, while women who live in extended households do not experience these demands or benefits.     

朝核问题之中国作用的双重性及策略选择

自2002年10月以来,朝核问题一直成为国际社会关注的热点问题。"三方会谈"以及6轮"六方会谈"的成功召开把朝核问题纳入到一个多边框架下解决。尽管中国在朝核问题上发挥了其他国家所不可替代的作用,但是,从朝核问题的发展过程上可以看出,中国的作用也受到了一定的局限。尽管解决朝核危机的钥匙不在中国手中,然而中国在朝核问题上的立场和今后的政策趋向不容忽视,它不仅与中国的当前利益密切相关,而且也将影响到中国未来所处的国际环境,关系到朝鲜半岛、东北亚地区乃至整个国际社会的安全与稳定。     

Beyond the “digital divide”: the “computer girls” of Seelampur

In the last decade, India’s position as a global information economy has aided its status as the poster child for Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICTD) initiatives in the global South. Policy discourse emphasizes that crossing of the “digital divide” through access to technology will bring a leveling of economic and social hierarchies. Based on sustained ethnographic observations and interviews in Seelampur in New Delhi, my paper critically examines the promise of inclusion in the information society for low income “Muslim women.” In following the lives of the “computer girls” of Seelampur, I argue that access to computer training contradictorily reproduced and reified interconnected divisions of gender, class, caste, and religion. Ethnographic research reveals the complexities of everyday lived experiences among Seelampur women. The space of the ICT center was rigidly stratified and the center primarily attracted women from relatively higher class and caste positions within Seelampur. However, I argue that the women had contradictory experiences related to their status as India’s “middle-class” that restricted their economic and social mobility outside the ICT center. Their experiences testified to structural disempowerment that disrupted deterministic assumptions about ICT and mobility.     

‘King's inheritors': understanding the ethnic discourse on the Rajbanshi as an indigenous community

The rise of ethnic struggles in various parts of the world, particularly in the post-colonial period, is an intriguing phenomenon. Having the consciousness of primordial origins, indigenous communities have pursued ethnic mobilizations along different lines in order to achieve the goals of social and economic uplift. This paper focuses on the Rajbanshi, one such community living in northeast India, as they offer an opportunity to study history and ethnic identity formation as the dynamics behind their current situation. From the standpoint of applied anthropology, processes of social change and activism intended to improve the lot of Rajbanshi communities are evaluated. Given their obscure origins, cultural diversity and divided political struggle, the Rajbanshi are far from achieving their goal of pursuing better lives. Strategies of Sanskritization and ‘sons-of-the-soil’ indigeneity have not reaped the desired results in terms of social and economic development. Furthermore, discourses rooted in immigrant-aboriginal binaries and theoretical dichotomies of primordialism–constructivism fail to make sense of this community's experience and are not helpful in guiding them toward meaningful and fruitful political and social change.