府际关系视角下的政策执行——对N市农业补贴政策执行的实证研究

在“职责同构”的府际关系制度背景下,从中央到乡镇的各个层级政府,甚至包括准行政化的村委会往往都会参与到某项政策的执行中.以N市农业补贴政策执行为例的实证研究表明,在这样一个漫长的执行链条中,中央省市县乡各级政府承担了不同的职责,其执行过程基本是一个“信息向上、资金向下”的过程.其执行偏差主要发生在县及其以下层级政府,这可以从“职责同构”基础上的“逐级发包制”的府际关系制度特征得到解释和理解.中国制度背景下有三个关键变量影响了分配型政策执行偏差发生的节点,即地方政府是政策的受益者还是受损者、政策成本承担者和政策具体实施者是否一致以及具体实施成本的大小.     

一项关于过程写作的实证研究

从语言交际能力培养目标角度来看,我国英语教学长期存在"费时低效"的问题。大学英语写作教学更是如此。纵观学者的研究成果,大学生英语写作水平没有很大变化,通过问卷分析原因主要是语言输入不足和缺乏写作策略。在研究相关理论的基础上,在实际教学中引入了过程写作法并用输入理论和学习策略理论作指导,试图提高学生的写作能力。研究以定性和定量相结合的方法,对实验结果进行统计学分析。结果显示:过程写作法能促进和提高大学生的写作水平,增加其写作兴趣。     

Implementation of recursive nonparametric kernel estimation and a monte carlo study on its finite sample properties

The recursive estimator for the conditional mean of a nonparametric regression model with independent observations was thoroughly explored by Ahmad and Lin (1976), and Singh and Ullah (1986). Their studies are mainly concerned with the estimator's asymptotic behaviour. However, they do not include much discussion on the strategy of computing the estimates. In this paper, we provide a convenient implementation of the recursive estimator and examine its finite sample properties through simulation studies. Our study has demonstrated that for relatively short length of recursive updating, the estimates are generally equivalent to their fixed window width counterparts However, we found that substantial recursive updating can seriously lower the estimator's efficiency even though it is a consistent estimator.     

商务英语教学与交际法探讨

中国加入WTO以来,国际交流的日益增多,社会对熟练掌握英语的国际商务人才的需求越来越大,商务英语教学也因此面临着新的挑战。文章试图分析现代商务英语的教学内容和课程特征,结合交际教学法的核心观点与教学原则,以一堂商务英语示范课为例,探索交际法在商务英语教学中的实践和运用。     

中印信息技术产业合作与发展问题探析

中印两国在信息产业发展的过程中不仅面临着许多共同的挑战,而且相互间存在着较大的互补性。因此两国在这一领域的合作潜力巨大,双方应该在进一步的合作与发展中调整战略思路,提升双方合作的层次、扩大合作规模,充分实现利益双赢目的。     

Doreen Massey

The growth of transnational communications, most notably the Internet and email, has had a profound impact on social and political interactions across borders. Doreen Massey, a social and political geographer, has written widely about space, with an emphasis on examining relations between actors, rather than the roles that they play. Her research suggests that space can be conceived of as constructed of these relations and, as a consequence, power can be seen to operate at multiple and complex levels. This article examines Massey's work, identifying areas of particular relevance to communications scholars. Massey's thinking is applied to the contemporary communications arena, where her ideas on space and 'power-geometries' offer new insights into how the complexities of transnational relations can be understood.     

Improving inference for social research and social policy: The Bayesian paradigm

This paper reviews briefly some data interpretation difficulties associated with many social research projects, difficulties which damage efforts to synthesize the results from different studies or to use such results in the formulation of social policy. It is argued that these difficulties are traceable in large part to three causes: (1) the circuitous and nonintuitive logic of inference used customarily in social statistical analysis; (2) the lack of agreement (usually latent and implicit) about the substantive and technical premises adopted in the research argument; and (3) the frequent weakness (low diagnosticity) of social research data for distinguishing among alternative models of a phenomenon. The Bayesian paradigm of statistical inference, especially a broadly conceived version of that paradigm, offers a number of advantages for overcoming these difficulties. A principal advantage is that the Bayesian inference approach lends itself especially well to the systematic cumulation of evidence from a series of related studies. Another advantage of the Bayesian perspective is that it deals well with contingency and with uncertain knowledge. In view of these and other advantages, the Bayesian inference paradigm is proposed as a highly promising vehicle through which social researchers and policy makers may work and communicate more effectively, not only with each other, but also among themselves.     

试论孔子在《庄子》中的形象

《庄子》一书虽是道家经典著作,但其中关于儒家及其代表人物孔子的记述占了相当大的篇幅。书中孔子的形象颇为复杂,他既是道家批判的对象,又是道家理论的宣扬者。由此可以探讨儒道两家既矛盾又互相渗透的互动关系。     

中苏关系的演变与中国经济——二论中苏关系恶化对中国的影响

2 0世纪 5 0年代至 6 0年代中苏关系的演变 ,不仅影响中国的政治 ,也对当时中国的经济发展产生了重大影响。苏联模式弊病的暴露促使中国领导人开始探索自己的建设道路 ,但不久探索便偏离了正确的方向 ,导致大跃进和人民公社化运动的失败 ;苏联单方面中止对中国的经济援助 ,促进了中国的自力更生 ,但对自力更生的片面理解 ,却又助长了“闭关自守”的倾向 ;由中苏关系恶化引发的“反修防修”斗争则使 6 0年代的中国经济政策急剧“左”倾 ,使中国经济再次陷于停滞状态。     

Des « employeurs multiples » au « noyau dur » d'employeurs : relations d'emploi et concurrence sur le marché des comédiens intermittents

Managerial literature sometimes uses an ideal-type of contingent labor to describe what it imagines to be future changes in organizing work and labor. These changes would entail a shortening and, therefore, multiplication of labor contracts. Statistics on the intermittents du spectacle (an administrative category in France referring to performers as well as stagehands who work for the duration of a project in show business, television and the performing arts) are analyzed to show that the conception of work in the media industry, as reflected in the aforementioned writings, cannot account for the actual plurality of relations between these part-time employees and their employers. In the media industry labor market, two types of labor relations can be distinguished. The one is close to the ideal-type of an intermittent employee who has occasional relations with his employer, whereas the other is based on a “hard core” of employers with whom an employee has recurrent relations. This core significantly affects the number of engagements of these performing artists and contributes decisively to the stability of their careers.