云南省“国培计划”培训需求分析

在新课程改革的背景之下,教师专业发展已经成为人们关注的焦点,与此同时,对教师教育的有效培训也逐渐被人们所重视。为提高培训效果,如何设置最符合教师发展的课程内容、如何设置教师最需要的专业知识等成为所有培训机构考虑的重点。因此,本文以云南省“国培计划农村中小学教师置换脱产研修”培训需求分析为基础,以培训需求和培训实效为重点来说明如何实施有效的教师教育培训。     

Effects of Individualized Education Programs on Cognitive Outcomes for Children with Disabilities in Head Start Programs

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the impact of Head Start, disability status, and receipt of an Individualized Education Program (IEP) on early language, literacy, and mathematics skills for low-income children with language, cognitive, emotional/behavioral, sensory, and physical disabilities. Secondary analysis of data was performed on a sample of children with disabilities (N = 570) drawn from the Head Start Impact Study, a nationally representative study of approximately 5,000 children randomly assigned to Head Start or non–Head Start programs. Results of ordinary least squares regression analyses indicated that Head Start participation enhanced outcomes for children with multiple disabilities; language, literacy, and mathematics skills at age 5–6 years were higher for these children compared to non–Head Start attendees. Head Start children with disabilities were more likely to have an IEP, though IEP receipt was associated with lower language, literacy, and mathematics scores among all children. There is a need to ensure that Head Start, and programs similar to Head Start, are more widely available to provide comprehensive, quality early childhood programming to children with cumulative risk factors (low income, multiple disabilities). Future research should clarify why IEP receipt was associated with poorer cognitive outcomes.     

Role of AKRSP on Gender Development: A Case Study in Pakistan

ABSTRACT

In Pakistan, nongovernmental agencies (NGOs) play an important role in program implementation. This study focuses on the contribution of one of these NGO social service programs that serves women in a rural area of Pakistan. To assess program satisfaction and effectiveness, 200 females were surveyed to measure their opinions and overall satisfaction with this particular NGO. The key findings of the study showed that the Aga Khan Rural Support Program (AKRSP) had a significant positive impact on the lives of these women through increasing social and decision-making skills while improving their income and living standards by providing employment opportunities and training. Future recommendations are made to continue to sponsor such programs that focus on a group-support for women while also providing supportive services that empower decision-making and economic standing.     

违规销售“家电下乡标识卡”的刑法学分析

违规销售家电下乡标识卡,利用标识卡骗取财政补贴的行为,以非法经营罪定性,不符罪刑法定原则,不符该罪谦抑使用要求,也难被该罪构成要件所涵括;以诈骗罪定性,忽视法益保护次序,不利司法效率价值,造成量刑反制定罪错误;以伪造、倒卖伪造的有价票证罪定性,则能合理确定罪数、犯罪形态、实现罪责刑相适应、契合法典对该罪名的价值主张。     

官员隐私权与公众知情权博弈视角下的官员财产公示制度

官员财产公示制度是一种成本低却高效率的预防性、警诫性廉政机制,不仅可以很大程度地节省政府为廉政而花费的巨额行政费用,督促官员奉公守法,防止其谋取不当利益,而且通过财产信息公开,从根源上遏制腐败,维护社会的公平正义。从公共利益优先的角度可以折射出官员隐私权的有限性。官员的一些已经与其行使公共权力产生了联系的隐私行为已不再是民法所保护的隐私,而成了国家政治的一部分。为了社会政治及公共利益的需要,我们不得不对这部分隐私加以限制。但是,其不涉及公共利益的个人隐私依然神圣不可侵犯。在财产公示制度实行的过程中,要妥善处理好官员的隐私权与公众的知情权之间的矛盾。     

西部高校英语师范生“国培计划”顶岗实习的理性思考——基于具体实践的成效和问题分析

“国培计划”顶岗实习是“中西部项目”中的子项目“农村中小学教师置换脱产研修”的配套措施,自20lO年开始实施,虽然取得一定成效,但在实施中还存在诸多不尽如人意之处。顶岗实习实践中存在理念上的偏差、缺乏统筹安排、实习中教学工作缺乏有效的指导、安全方面存在隐患、地方教育主管部门和高校及实习学校缺乏有力配合、管理不到位、评估体系有待完善等亟待解决的问题,有赖于具体实践的解决。基于广西教育学院外语系英语教育专业学生顶岗实习的实践管中窥豹,为进一步完善顶岗实习、缩小实践与理想的差距寻找有效的方法和措施。     

'Management Standards' and work-related stress in the UK: policy background and science

In the late 1990s, the Health and Safety Commission, as the lead authority in the UK responsible for Health and Safety at Work, conducted an extensive consultation exercise to elicit views about how work-related stress should be tackled. The Commission subsequently decided that regulation was not justified and opted for an approach with four strands. One of these was to work with stakeholders to develop clear, agreed standards of good management practice. This paper describes and discusses the rationale behind a standards-based approach that is essentially based on a method of controlling hazards. The Management Standards approach uses a taxonomy of six stressors that has evolved out of extensive research carried out on behalf of the UK's Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and in conjunction with stakeholders, and a three-phase risk assessment methodology. Further developmental work on the standards (which are to be subjected to public consultation) and associated measurement tools is described in a companion paper in this issue of Work & Stress (Cousins, Mackay, Clarke, Kelly, Kelly, & McCaig, 2004). The emphasis is on prevention towards reducing stress in the UK working population. We review current thinking on models of work stress, consider evidence linking workplace psychosocial factors and various health and organizational outcomes, and examine the effectiveness of organizational interventions. We argue that the literature supports an approach that aims to move organizational states (represented by the current situation) to more desirable ones (represented by the six Management Standards), and that this is an effective 'population' based approach to tackling workplace stress and promoting individual and organizational health.     

Multi-media campaign exposure effects on knowledge and use of condoms for STI and HIV/AIDS prevention in Uganda

This study examined the influences of behavior change communication (BCC) campaigns on knowledge and use of condoms for prevention of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections in target areas of Uganda. Data were drawn from the 1997 and 1999 Delivery of Improved Services for Health (DISH) evaluation surveys, which collected information from representative samples of women and men of reproductive age in the districts served by the DISH project. Logistic regressions were used to assess the associations between BCC exposure and condom knowledge and use, controlling for individuals' background characteristics. Results indicated that BCC exposure was strongly associated with higher condom knowledge: women and men who reported being exposed to messages in the mass media were at least twice as likely as those with no exposure to know of condoms as a mean to avoid HIV/AIDS. A dose–response effect was observed, suggesting that campaigns using multiple media channels may be most effective in improving sexual health knowledge. At the same time, certain gender differences of the influences on condom use were found, with the channel and content of messages seemingly more important in terms of instilling safer sex practices. While there was some evidence of bias of self-report, exploratory analysis of the indirect effects of communications campaigns suggested that impacts may be compounded as overall awareness is increased at the community level eventually leading to behavior change among individuals.     

Publishing systematic, pragmatic case studies in program evaluation: rationale and introduction to the special issue

The present Special Issue proposes that the creation of a database of systematic, pragmatically focused case studies in program planning and evaluation will be useful to both theorist and practitioner. This knowledge-base can (a) facilitate cross-case comparisons for inductively deriving generalizations of best practice; (b) allow practitioners to use the experience of past cases to guide their practice in present cases; and (c) further explore the foundational nature of evaluation as a discipline. This introduction first explores why there are so few published evaluation case studies. It then describes the development of a pragmatic paradigm, including a common analytic framework for facilitating the conduct, documentation, and discussion of individual case studies and for organizing them into a database. The introduction concludes with a cross-case summary comparison of the three cases in this first part of the Special Issue. In the next issue of this journal, a second part of the Special Issue will be presented. This will include three additional case studies and an analysis of all six of the case studies in terms of what we have learned about the theoretical and practical values—as well as the challenges—of creating a database of systematic, pragmatic case studies in evaluation.     

论管辖约束理论与最简方案的差异

Chomsky的最简方案是对其管辖约束理论的新发展。本文通过比较管辖约束理论与最简方案,试图具体阐释D-结构、S-结构、管辖理论和X阶标理论的被取代,并结合儿童习得语言的过程,证明管辖约束理论发展到最简方案的必然性。