行为应对方式与社会背景的关系研究——西部民众的社会背景对其应对西部大开发中社会问题的行为方式的影响

西部民众对于社会问题的应对方式直接影响着西部大开发的进程。为考察不同社会背景的民众对西部大开发中社会问题的应对方式,本研究以自编社会问题应对策略问卷为工具,参照中国社会科学院对中国社会阶层的划分,在西部省区通过分层取样选取3 025人进行分析。研究结果表明,文化程度、职业、政治面貌、单位性质、就业情况等方面不同的民众在应对社会问题的行为方式上有显著差异,本研究结果对引导西部民众的应对行为和制定解决社会问题的政策具有参考价值。     

计算主义纲领与机器博弈的认知意蕴

在第二代认知科学的潮涌中,计算主义纲领虽然面临心灵实在论、行为主义、联结主义的挑战,但仍然引导着传统认知领域和新兴认知分支的发展。机器博弈是认知科学与博弈论互动的产物,在计算主义纲领启发下,理性人之间的博弈被视为人-机智能体间的策略性互动,互动认知、博弈学习、演化博弈等理论成为智能体感知环境、处理信息、控制行为、交流互动的分析基础。自动机在重复博弈中显示出的长远眼光、威胁和承诺能力,提供了解决计算主义纲领主要难题——意向性之谜的思路:意向性并不是孤独的心灵与外部世界的关系,而是通过智能体互动实现的自我指涉。     

The roles of food prices and food access in determining food purchases of low-income households

A growing literature suggests that limited access to full-service grocery stores may be linked to poor diets, obesity, and other diet-related diseases. Food prices are likely to be as much of a factor in low-income consumers’ food purchase decisions as food store access is, but few studies consider the roles of prices and food access simultaneously. We incorporate supermarket access into a utility-theoretic censored demand system for 13 food groups among households that receive the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits in the U.S. The demand system is estimated with a Bayesian procedure which otherwise would have been cumbersome with the classical approach. Results suggest that prices are significant determinants of food purchases, but supermarket access has limited influence. Improving food choices, diet, and health may require addressing both accessibility and affordability.     

新加坡第三语文教学与汉语拼音

通过对定位为新加坡非华裔学生"第三语文"的"华文特别课程"推出过程、学生背景、课堂教学的局限和困难及汉语拼音在"三语"教学中的作用的探讨,探析<汉语拼音方案>对海外的非华裔学生华文教学的重要意义;"华文特别课程"的推出实质上是新加坡政府对华文进行地位规划和习得规划的结果.     

论国内外校企合作模式对我国实施“卓越计划”的启示

教育部提出的＂卓越工程师教育培养计划＂是我国工程教育改革的重大举措,在未来相当长时期内将指导我国普通本科院校的人才培养。通过借鉴国内外校企合作的成果经验,提出我国普通高校＂卓越计划＂的实施,应通过建立政府保障机制、企业需求机制和完善学校培养机制,并注意处理好院校关系、理论与实践关系、受教育者双重身份等问题来推进。     

科技型企业海外并购的风险防范研究

海外并购已经成为中国科技型企业取得技术进步的重要手段。金融危机后,政策、价格及购买力等三大机遇将成为中国科技型企业海外并购的有力推力。但是,中国科技型企业在海外并购实务中需要对技术、估值和文化等三大主要风险点保持足够的警惕,同时根据企业的实际情况采取相应的防范策略。     

Does it make a difference? Evaluation of a Canadian poverty reduction initiative

Program evaluation is an important aspect of any organization. The ability to reflect on past performance and plan for the future is essential to an organization’s health and future growth. This exploratory study is part of a larger program evaluation initiative that examined the efficacy of a regionally based organization that provided funding to community groups to alleviate poverty. The purpose of the study was to explore testimonials provided by participants of the organization’s funded programs, to determine if the participants were satisfied with the programs and the extent to which participants’ perceptions are congruent with the goals of the organization. Content analysis was used to examine 3494 testimonials from 77 different agencies. Three overall themes were determined from the analysis: 1 Developing Social Networks, 2 Learning Comes in Various Forms, and 3 Developing Self-Efficacy. Findings from the testimonials suggest that the benefits of the programs are highly social and that connections with others are important, but also provide rich opportunities for learning new skills and knowledge, as well as gaining confidence and a sense of control. The findings from this analysis support one goal of the organization which is to engage people living in poverty in meaningful ways.     

Enhancing community-based organizations’ capacity for HIV/AIDS education and prevention

The catalytic potential of community-based organizations to promote health, prevent disease, and address racial, ethnic, and socio-economic disparities in local communities is well recognized. However, many CBOs, particularly, small- to medium-size organizations, lack the capacity to plan, implement, and evaluate their successes. Moreover, little assistance has been provided to enhance their capacity and the effectiveness of technical assistance to enhance capacity is likewise limited. A unique private–academic partnership is described that simultaneously conducted program evaluation and addressed the capacity needs of 24 CBOs funded by the Pfizer Foundation Southern HIV/AIDS Prevention Initiative. Assessments of key program staff members at 12 and 18 months after the initial cross-site program assessment survey indicated a significant improvement in the CBOs’ knowledge, skills, and abilities and a substantial reduction in their technical assistance needs for HIV/AIDS prevention. Full participation of CBOs in technical assistance and a concurrent empowerment evaluation framework were necessary to enhance prevention capacity.     

英语教师的学习需要及其职业专业化问题探讨

该研究以某中外合作TESOL教师教育项目为背景,运用开放式问卷对教师发展的学习需要进行调查,结果显示,教师参加该项目的目的各异,要求各异,教师普遍缺乏研究经验等。据此对英语教师职业专业化的现状进行思考。目前国内英语教师职业专业化受诸多社会文化因素的制约,这一职业仍具有一定的可替代性。在教师教育项目中,过程课程大纲的实施将有利于满足背景各异的教师群体的学习要求。     

奖励推荐计划口碑对接收者的影响

奖励推荐计划(Referral Reward Program)是企业给予现有顾客物质奖励,激发其向新顾客发送口碑推荐产品的新营销策略。与自然口碑相比,奖励推荐口碑复杂的发送动机影响了接收者对其评判。基于信任和关系范式理论,本文通过三个实验探究奖励推荐口碑对接收者态度和行为意向的影响。发现:(1)奖励推荐口碑对接收者购买意向的积极影响总体小于自然口碑,原因是接收者怀疑口碑信息的可信性及不能接受推荐者因获得奖励而推荐的行为;(2)口碑沟通双方的关系强度影响奖励推荐口碑的作用,相同奖励额度下强联系奖励口碑对接收者的购买意向有积极作用,而弱联系奖励口碑作用不大;(3)增强推荐者专业能力和改变奖励分配方式对改善奖励推荐计划效果具有积极作用。