The Politics of Expanding Healthcare Access to the Poor and Informal Sectors

How do the politics of agenda setting and policy adoption operate in the arena of healthcare reform in the industrializing world? Literature on the twenty‐first‐century developmental state emphasizes the role of democratic competition and civil society in causing political parties to take up new agendas, while power resources theory stresses the role of left‐wing political parties and labor unions in policy adoption. Yet, core tenets of these theories have not been considered extensively in light of dynamics in the industrializing world. This article examines the politics of policy adoption in countries that have recently aimed to provide healthcare access and financial protection to the poor and people in the informal sector in Mexico and Turkey. In line with literature on the twenty‐first‐century developmental state, we find democratic competition to play an important role in causing political parties to take up new agendas. However, examination of the cases illuminates surprising dynamics that challenge important elements of sociological theory: right‐leaning political parties played important roles in adoption, while labor unions and left‐wing parties oppose reform in the cases. Public health‐minded physicians leading change teams played important roles in agenda setting and leading the process of implementation.     

Early assessment of implementing evidence-based brief therapy interventions among secondary service psychiatric therapists

This implementation study was part of the Ostrobothnia Depression Study, in Finland, which covered implementation of motivational interviewing (MI) and behavioral activation (BA) within regional public psychiatric secondary care. It aimed to evaluate the mid-term progress of implementation and related factors. Altogether, 80 therapists had been educated through the implementation program by the point of the mid-term evaluation. Eligible information for evaluation was gathered using two questionnaires (q1, q2) with a one-year interval.A total of 45 of the 80 therapists completed q1, 30 completed q2, and 24 completed both questionnaires. Professional education was the only background factor associated with adopting the interventions (q1: p = 0.059, q2: p = 0.023), with higher education indicating greater activity. On the basis of trends such as changes in overall usefulness score from q1 to q2, the most involved therapists were slightly more likely to adopt MI/BA. Our experience so far suggests that encouraging staff to begin using new interventions during education is very important. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was found to be a useful tool for constructing the evaluation.     

规划调整决策任务分解、认知限制与决策支持

规划调整决策问题(PCDPs-Program and Control Decision Problems)都比较宏观综合,涉及面广且结构性差,决策支持需求不易确定。本论文将通过决策任务分解说明决策认知过程,并在知识分类的基础上论述完成决策任务中的认知限制,进而从扩展决策者的认知能力出发给出了决策支持基本功能设计和开发规划调整决策支持系统(PCDSS)的三层结构。     

当代灾疫防治的目标任务

当代灾疫防治必须以频频爆发、首尾相连的灾疫状态为逻辑起点,以反思批判面对灾疫的自然主义立场和扬弃灾疫防治的被动应急模式为前提,确立为＂消解灾疫而学习、为恢复生境而节制、为生态安全而行动＂的实践理性姿态,构建＂在全球框架下重建生境、在国际平台上重建生态家园、在全球视域中创建生态文明＂的三级目标体系,以重建生境主义价值导向体系、共在互存的整体存在方式和共生互生的动态生存方法为基本任务。     

基于员工帮助计划(EAP)的我国公务员激励机制的构建

针对当前我国社会经济转型时期所面临多方挑战和压力的背景下,公务员群体的心理健康状况不理想,缺乏有效的心理激励等问题,运用员工帮助计划(EAP)的相关理论,从适用性、模式、路径选择和保障措施等方面对完善我国公务员的激励机制进行了相关探讨。     

企业员工社会工作辅导介入模式初探——从工业社会工作员工协助方案的角度

随着经济社会的高速发展,企业员工遇到了工作压力的困扰,员工的各种问题对企业的可持续发展造成了极大的阻碍。本文提出了一种解决途径,即发展工业社会工作员工协助方案的重要性,并着重从心理资本与社会资本的视角,初步探索了企业员工社会工作辅导的介入模式。     

青少年犯罪的特征和对策浅析

青少年由于其生理发育迅速,心理变化明显,出现种种不平衡与矛盾的心理,这样就常使有的青少年出现情绪变化无常,难以琢磨的情况,常常走向犯罪的道路。青少年犯罪有偶发性、纠合性、凶狠性、隐蔽性、反复性、腐蚀性、和可塑性的特点。对于青少年犯罪我们要以预防为主,主要通过加强思想教育,培养他们高尚的道德情感,加强对他们的法制教育,发挥家庭对他们的初级教育作用来遏止青少年犯罪。对青少年犯罪要进行综合治理,建立严密的社会保护网络。     

国外毒品相关犯罪防控的社会政策及评价

毒品引发的犯罪问题已经引起国际社会广泛关注,各国出台了各种措施防控毒品引发的犯罪,基本形成了一套普遍性和针对性相结合的社会政策体系。本文总结区分3个层次:针对社会整体状况及一般公民的普遍性预防政策、针对极有可能成为毒品相关犯罪的受害者或犯罪者的特定防控政策以及针对参与过毒品相关犯罪人群的专项防控政策;并以此为线索系统梳理评价政策实施效果的相关理论和实证研究成果,为我国制定相关政策提供相关启示和借鉴。     

A Novel Method for Solving Unbounded Knapsack Problem

Knapsack problem is one kind of NP-Complete problem. Unbounded knapsack problems are more complex and harder than general knapsack problem. In this paper, we apply QGAs (Quantum Genetic Algorithms) to solve unbounded knapsack problem and then follow other procedures. First, present the problem into the mode of QGAs and figure out the corresponding genes types and their fitness functions. Then, find the perfect combination of limitation and largest benefit. Finally, the best solution will be found. Primary experiment indicates that our method has well results.     

Who is bullying whom in ethnically diverse primary schools? Exploring links between bullying,ethnicity, and ethnic diversity in Dutch primary schools

This study investigated associations between ethnicity, ethnic diversity, and bullying among 739 pupils enrolled in their last year of primary school. Hypotheses derived from social misfit and inter-ethnic relations theories were tested using the multilevel p₂ model. Our key findings were: (1) inter- and intra-ethnic bullying are just as common in ethnically heterogeneous as in homogeneous classes; (2) pupils belonging to the Turkish and Moroccan minority groups bully significantly more than native Dutch (in particular according to victims); the chance to be victimized does not depend on the ethnic background of the pupil; (3) the prevalence of inter- and intra-ethnic bullying depends on the level of ethnic diversity in the class; inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic bullying increase with increasing levels of ethnic diversity.