上海郊区新型农业经营方式研究

通过剖析上海农业经营形式的现状及问题,重点结合区县的探索和实践,围绕发展家庭农场和专业合作社两种新型经营方式,提出加快转变上海农业经营方式的对策建议。     

Improving Africa's Roads: Modelling Infrastructure Investment and Its Effect on Sectoral Production Behaviour

Given the scarce resources for public investment in developing countries, policy analysis should include a detailed perspective on the effects of infrastructure. This article develops a modelling framework for analysing the effects of improved road infrastructure on the economy of African countries. The theoretical framework is tested empirically and used for simulations in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, and the effects on production and welfare are analysed. The model also serves to investigate the effect of roads on the economic participation of rural households.     

From Commoditisation to De‐commoditisation … and Back Again: Discussing the Role of Sustainability Standards for Agricultural Products

Sustainability standards are flooding global agricultural markets. Standards, however, are not new. This article analyses, from a historical perspective, the implications of the transition from traditional to sustainability standards in the commoditisation/de‐commoditisation process. It shows how early standards contributed to the construction of the category of primary commodities and how, after a short attempt at de‐commoditisation (with the early fair‐trade and organic standards), sustainability standards are tending towards re‐commoditisation.     

‘Ass‐kicking’ Women: Doing and Undoing Gender in a US Livestock Auction

Using in‐depth interviews with farm operators and participant observation at a livestock auction, this article explores how women in conventional agriculture in the USA ‘do gender’ in a male‐dominated world. In particular the ways that space, both public and private, alters the performance of gender are analysed. Given that agriculture in the USA has traditionally been tied to masculinity and that more and more women are entering the field, the article examines the strategies women employ to negotiate the tension between being women and being farmers. The findings suggest that in general women's success is intricately tied to their ability to reproduce the masculinity that spells success for their male counterparts. These women dress in masculine clothing, swear and are ‘tough as nails’. Furthermore, women's mere presence as farm operators does not necessarily subvert the relationship between masculinity and agriculture. In many ways this notion is reinforced by the presence of these women and so the performance of gender ultimately reinforces rather than subverts the ties between hegemonic masculinity and agriculture.     

河北省生源地助学贷款需求、供给与还款分析——以河北农业大学为例

：生源地助学贷款具有承贷主体多元化、放款形式多样化、贷款管理属地化等优势,作为国家助学贷款的有益补充具有广阔的发展前景。根据对河北农业大学生源地助学贷款在校生和毕业生的问卷调查和数据分析,在需求和供给方面存在着供给量不足、供给形式单一等问题;在还款方面,存在着还款期限短、违约率较高等问题。针对上述问题,应通过加大政策扶持力度、建立风险基金和信用体系等措施来解决,以促进河北省生源地助学贷款的健康发展。     

黑龙江省大宗农产品市场化问题思考

大宗农产品市场化是制约黑龙江省农业发展的关键性问题,也是提升黑龙江省农业竞争力的核心问题。推进黑龙江省大宗农产品市场化,应以增加农民收入为目标,以组织体系建设为支撑,充分发挥农业的比较优势,利用现代经营方式和经营理念,培育出有区域特色、有市场竞争力的优质产品。     

二元工业化结构构建的原则与模式

二元工业化是在城市工业化的基础上,进一步以现有的地(市)、县(市)和乡镇为依托,构建并发展广大农村的工业园(或产业园),有效实现农业剩余劳动力向二、三产业转移,促进人口聚集,推动工业化带动城市化发展,并实现农业产业化,达到城市与乡村和谐发展的目的。二元工业化结构的构建必须以产业化为基础,以实现劳动力转移为根本,以工业化与城市化发展为目标,通过工业化(或产业化)过程最终建成高、中、初三级城市模式,达到解决二元经济问题,实现二元向一元、同质的现代经济转换的目的。     

信息技术与河南农业发展研究

2004年我国成为粮食净进口国,这个现状迫使人们不得不去重新认识农业发展的一些重要问题,特别是农业的信息化问题。信息技术的渗透改变了农业现代化的发展方向,它对我国农业尤其是作为农业大省的河南农业发展有着特殊的意义。农业信息化的主要内容包括农业专家系统、精确农业、知识农业和农村信息网络等。河南农业信息化的发展应处理好牢固树立农业的战略地位、发展农村信息网络、建立农业信息技术研究和开发的永久性省级工程等问题。     

试析宋代农业经济繁荣的原因

宋代农业经济的繁荣与人口、垦荒和农田水利有着十分密切的关系。宋代人口的增长十分迅速,为农业生产的发展提供了充足的劳动力;农户垦荒热情高涨,使农田面积大大增加;而南北各地水利设施的兴建则保障了农业的进一步发展。在人口、垦田和农田水利等三方面因素的作用下,宋代的农业经济呈现出前所未有的繁荣。     

农业结构转型的保障机制分析

农业结构转型是在一系列保障条件下的产物。如果保障条件缺乏,结构转型就会受到影响。自1997年农业结构转型成为增加农民收入的重要手段之一以来,从农民收入水平的变化趋势看,结构转型对增加农民收入的有效性并不高。形成这一结果的原因主要是因结构转型的保障机制残损而导致的结构转型资源供给不足。强化结构转型保障机制建设,增加资源供给是深化结构转型、增加农民收入的关键。