基于获取决策优先权的零售商战略联盟效益分析

对于由一个供应商和多个零售商组成的单一产品、单周期供应链,在确定型市场、零售商成本对称以及供应商具有关于零售商成本结构完全信息的情况下,考虑了同时带来运作成本与决策权分配变化(基于获取决策优先权)的零售商定货数量决策联盟。利用博弈论方法,研究了获取决策优先权的零售商战略联盟对参与联盟的零售商、未参与联盟的零售商、供应商以及供应链整体收益的影响。证明这种零售商战略联盟不可能使供应链中所有成员都同时增加收益。但在一定的条件下,联盟能实现某种部分"多赢";使供应链整体、供应商和参与联盟的零售商收益增加,或使供应商和参与联盟的零售商收益增加。     

延迟决策对一类产出系统演化的影响研究

企业作为有限理性的经济主体,在做下阶段的生产决策时可能不仅考虑本期而是要综合考虑以往连续多期的边际利润情况。研究表明,加入时滞以后,系统纳什平衡点的稳定域明显扩大,从而为在混沌经济系统中实现倍周期分岔控制提供了现实途径,同时,还会使系统在纳什平衡点出现hopf分岔等新的动力学演化行为。而且,以累积利润为指标的系统表现可以得到改善。首先引入延迟决策的企业将获得更大的相对竞争优势。而在两家企业都引入延迟决策的情况下,伴随第二家企业产量调整速度的增加,它们将交替获得竞争优势。     

不同决策模式下农产品质量控制策略研究

农产品质量已经引起公众的广泛关注。考虑由一个供应商和一个零售商构成的两级农产品供应链,构建零售商主导下的Stackelberg分散决策博弈模型和两者协同合作下的集中决策博弈模型,以供应商和零售商的最优质量努力水平为状态变量,利用逆向求解法得出供应商和零售商的最优质量决策。研究表明:在一定条件下,农产品供应链中主体的合作可以实现供应商、零售商和整个供应链系统利润的Pareto改善,在此基础上分析实现Pareto改善的条件以推动农产品供应链达到协调。     

冲突视角下运输订单商业竞争战略研究

运用图模型理论研究冲突视角下中欧班列运营过程中运输订单商业竞争战略,构建“渝新欧”班列运营商、“苏满欧”班列运营商和昆山IT企业之间的商业竞争冲突模型。利用TOPSIS法评估班列的运输效率,确定决策者偏好,通过计算均衡解获得符合各决策者利益的理性对策。借助灵敏度分析研究决策者偏好改变对模型冲突结果的影响。研究表明:在竞争中,运输效率较低的一方可以通过降低价格弥补自身劣势而获得订单;运输效率较高的一方只有通过降价才能获得订单。该研究为班列运营商提供利益冲突中的商业竞争战略,能为顾客企业选择高效合理的运输线路提供有效的战略决策,同时亦能为宏观调控者规范市场、提高市场运输效率提供有效的政策启示。     

农民工养老保险参与决策：一个OLG模型的考察

通过构建一个农民工追求跨期效用最大化的OLG模型,理论分析了均衡条件下农民工收入及风险偏好因素对其养老保险参与决策的影响;基于全国31个省市的调查数据,利用双变量Probit模型实证分析了个人与家庭特征、收入与土地、务工状况与预期等因素对农民工养老保险参与决策的影响。结果表明：务工与务农收入对农民工参与养老保险决策的影响并不显著,而恩格尔系数和非收入性因素却大多显著地影响了农民工的参保决策。为此,一方面,要提高农民工的收入水平、生活宽裕程度和支付能力,使之更有意愿和能力参与养老保险;另一方面,要增强农民工对未来生活确定性的预期和安全感,使之参与养老保险的水平得以提高。     

多重制度逻辑与产业扶贫项目的异化 ——组织场域的视角

作为扶贫开发的重要途径,产业扶贫在实践过程中常常出现瞄不准或瞄准了但效果不突出的情形,组织场域为揭示其中的奥秘提供了有益视角。Y村的案例表明,在产业扶贫的组织场域内,地方政府与烟草公司在各自领域制度环境的制约下对自身参与产业扶贫的行为作出适应性的调整,改变了产业扶贫场域内的资讯交换渠道与资源传递方式,进而形成了组织行为主体参与产业扶贫的隐形运行逻辑。循此逻辑,非正式权力与利益的勾连固化了组织行为主体的权力关系与场域位置,扶贫资源经由村委会与合作社的承接更多流向村干部及种植大户等村庄精英群体,贫困农户则处于边缘位置。组织场域内中心--边缘关系结构的形成最终导致产业扶贫实践中制度表达与项目实践的背离。     

Tolerance of Uncertainty: Links to Happenstance,Career Decision Self‐Efficacy,and Career Satisfaction

This study investigated the extent to which tolerance of uncertainty affects the relationship between happenstance skills and career satisfaction via career decision self‐efficacy. Moderated mediation analysis was conducted on data collected from 321 graduates (175 men, 146 women) of Korean universities making the school‐to‐work transition. Results showed that career decision self‐efficacy fully mediated the relationship between happenstance skills and career satisfaction. Furthermore, the moderation effect of tolerance of uncertainty had a significant impact on the relationship between happenstance skills and career decision self‐efficacy. Tolerance of uncertainty should be considered an important variable in happenstance career theory and intervention. Unplanned influences should also be considered important factors in the career decision‐making process.     

Persuasion: An experimental study of team decision making

This paper studies persuasion within teams and investigates why teams commonly take, by some measures, better decisions than individuals. The analysis is based on data from electronic communication within teams of two players. Thanks to the experimental design, changes of an individual’s decision can be attributed to the content of the team partner’s message. The results for knowledge-related and strategic problems show that individuals’ decisions change upon receiving more informative and sophisticated arguments and remain the same otherwise. This individual behavior is an essential part of the information aggregation in teams and can explain the advantage of teams in decision making and in games.     

The governance of social enterprises: Mission drift and accountability challenges in hybrid organizations

We examine the challenges of governance facing organizations that pursue a social mission through the use of market mechanisms. These hybrid organizations, often referred to as social enterprises, combine aspects of both charity and business at their core. In this paper we distinguish between two ideal types of such hybrids, differentiated and integrated, and we conceptualize two key challenges of governance they face: accountability for dual performance objectives and accountability to multiple principal stakeholders. We revisit the potential and limitations of recently introduced legal forms to address these challenges. We then theorize about the importance of organizational governance and the role of governing boards in particular, in prioritizing and aligning potentially conflicting objectives and interests in order to avoid mission drift and to maintain organizational hybridity in social enterprises. Finally, we discuss future research directions and the implications of this work for rethinking traditional categories of organizations, namely business and charity.     

Children in immediate danger: Emergency removals in Finnish and Irish child protection

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of front‐line practices regarding emergency removals in Finnish and Irish child protection. It examines how the responses to children's immediate danger are framed by legislation and how front‐line practitioners assess the child's situation and make emergency placement decisions. The data consist of interviews with 16 Irish and 33 Finnish social workers. These child welfare protection systems respond differently to a task that appears to be similar. The Irish team‐based practice rests on the social workers' shared assessment of the child's needs, and the formal decision is made by the courts (or police officers at night‐time); and the Finnish practice involves only one single social worker who makes both the assessment and the removal decision. The Irish system is tightly time regulated, whereas the Finnish system provides a more flexible time frame. Both approaches put a lot of stress on social workers' practice, which also includes creative workarounds (e.g., “planned emergency removals” in Finland). Future research will need to explore these features from the point of view of a child's right to protection.