有机认证提高了农户市场韧性吗？——基于黄土高原苹果优势产区的实证研究

在消费端高质量农产品需求不断增长和农产品市场面临外部冲击的背景下,评估有机认证对农户市场韧性的影响具有重要的现实意义。基于“韧性小农”的内涵,运用两期苹果销售价格数据构建表征农户市场韧性的指标,系统分析有机认证对农户市场韧性的影响机理,并使用黄土高原苹果优势产区681户苹果农户的抽样调查数据和多维固定效应线性回归模型进行实证检验。研究发现：①有机认证有助于农户市场韧性的提升,在稳健性检验和内生性缓解后,这一结论仍然成立;②基于成本-收益理论进行机制分析发现,有机认证农户的成本控制能力增强,农业收益稳定性提高：前者表现为有机肥、生物农药使用概率提升,而亩均肥料和农药成本投入不变;后者表现为有机认证提升了苹果品质,进而实现溢价能力提升和销售渠道拓宽;③异质性分析发现,经济状况好、加入合作社和位于农产品区域公用品牌建设地区的农户进行有机认证后其市场韧性提升效果更加明显。据此建议持续推进有机农业的发展,以此增强农户抵御外部冲击和市场风险的能力,并为“小农户”更好地接入“大市场”提供可行方案。     

基于空间马尔科夫链的粮食生产韧性动态演进及趋势预测

提高粮食生产韧性对保障粮食安全、加快建设农业强国具有重要意义。基于2005-2021年中国省级面板数据,构建粮食生产韧性评价指标体系进行水平测度,在此基础上深入分析其时空动态演进并展开趋势预测。研究表明：第一,考察期内中国粮食生产韧性水平总体呈现逐年提升态势,但近些年增速有所放缓。第二,各省份粮食生产韧性差异明显,整体呈现“东高西低”的特征,且总体差距在考察期内逐步扩大; 总体差异主要来源于区域间差异,但2017年后区域间差异逐渐下降,区域内差异逐步成为造成总体差异的主要原因;分区之间发展不平衡问题较为严峻,区域内省际差异明显。第三,中国粮食生产韧性存在较为显著的空间相关性,表现出明显的高-高集聚和低-低集聚特征,即高水平省份多与一个或多个高水平省份相邻,而低水平省份邻域多为低水平省份。第四,各省份粮食生产韧性在短期内较难实现层级跨越;而在引入空间地理因素后,粮食生产韧性的稳定状态有动摇趋势,易表现出“强者恒强,弱者恒弱”的马太效应。     

An Empirical Study of the Impact of Just-in-Time Task Scope Versus Just-in-Time Workflow Integration on Organizational Design

The research tests a theory of JIT as a technology having task scope versus workflow integration dimensions. The results show that JIT task scope predicts JIT workflow integration, and that only the former is associated with organizational designs that are more specialized, decentralized, integrated, and reliant on formal performance measurement control. The findings imply that organizational structure does not necessarily follow from workflow structure. Rather, both organizational structure and workflow structure follow from the knowledge capital that JIT task scope represents.     

The magic in the (extra)ordinary: Intensive validation to recalibrate the life-worlds of adolescents exposed to abuse

This qualitative case study aimed to explore environmental circumstances and interactional processes that appeared to be relevant for the dynamics of resilience in adolescents exposed to child abuse. Fieldwork at a learning and coping centre for children and their families was combined with semi-structured interviews with adolescent participants aged 12 to 18 years. A critical realist approach was used to unpack what has been called the ‘ordinary magic’ of resilience. We found that intensively validating qualities of both the environment and relationships seemed to be driving components for resilience. Borrowing ideas from the sociometer theory, we propose that particularly the consistent intensiveness may offer a recalibration of the adolescents' immediate life-worlds, in terms of how they perceive the people they meet and the environments they step into. In keeping with the transactional-ecological model of resilience, we suggest that such a recalibration leads to altered social agency that becomes visible through their immediate social participation.     

Building interpersonal trust within organizations: a relational signalling perspective

This article develops the foundations for a theory of interpersonal trust-building based on relational signalling theory (RST). RST is based on the assumptions that rationality is bounded through framing, that preferences are partially determined by altruism (through a distinction between foreground and background goals), and that an individual’s action is influenced by the normative context in which he or she operates. The focus is on interpersonal trust in work relations within organizations. Interpersonal trust-building is construed as an interactive process in which both individuals learn about each other’s trustworthiness in different situations. Four conditions for the building of interpersonal trust within organizations are (1) the suspension of all opportunistic behaviour, or the removal of distrust; (2) exchange of positive relational signals; (3) avoiding negative relational signals, i.e., dealing with trouble; and (4) the stimulation of frame resonance, or the introduction of trust-enhancing organizational policies. The proposed theory can explain important characteristics of trust in organizational contexts, such as the interactive nature of trust, the learning required to build trust, the role of psychological mechanisms (such as attributions and perceptions) in decisions to trust, the limits to trust, asymmetries between trust and distrust and the context-dependency of trust.

Public Organizations in the Age of Globalization and Technology

Both globalization and information and communications technologies (ICT) have been shown to be important factors in defining organizational environment. However, the cumulative effects of these two factors together on decision-making and the exercise of power within large organizations are currently not well explored. This paper attempts to fill that gap by conceptually analyzing the combined effect on globalization and communications technology. ICT has had the cumulative effect of shrinking an organization’s effective size. Globalization contributes to this effect of removing geographic boundaries by centralizing control over certain functions. In other words, globalization and ICT, in conjunction with each other, have considerably heightened the concentration of power and decision-making authority within the organization.

从风险到优势——孤儿的抗逆力研究

从社会工作优势视角出发,运用抗逆力理论,研究探讨了孤儿在经历创伤、面临风险时存在哪些外部保护因素和内在优势因素。通过对8个孤儿的质性研究发现:孤儿面临贫困、养护结构脆弱、社会歧视、缺乏稳定感和归属感等风险因素,并且这些风险具有多重性、高危性、长期性等特征。但是,外部支持因素和个体内在优势帮助他们提升其抗逆力,外部支持因素主要包括亲属网络、模拟的亲缘关系、友缘关系、学校和社区、社会福利系统;内在优势则包括自立人格、家庭责任和感恩情感、兴趣和特长,以及积极思维。     

Wissensmanagement und Qualitätssicherung in der Organisationsentwicklung

Management of knowledge and securing in quality in organizational development What is to do, if permanently new counsellors have to be familiarized on a high quality standard, because of the fluctuation in the internal organizational development? if the individual methods of counsellors with different orientations have to be approachable to others? and if the desire for a maximum of individual procedure in counselling is as significant as the desire for a constant quality level of counselling? The authors present the answers of the department of organizational development in the public sanitation company of Berlin (Berliner Stadtreinigungsbetribe). The goal, the procedure, the present outcomes and the state of evaluation are delineated.     

Synchrone Inszenierungen in der Organisationsberatung

Synchroneous stagings in organizational consulting Consulting is mostly based on linear processes occurring in organizations, or operates with a linearly functioning choice of methods. It is however known from chaos research that complex systems are acting spontaneously and irregularly, while they are nevertheless mostly in a position to keep in balance both order and disorder. With this in mind, the paper is dealing with some aspects of reality assessment, presenting methods and method components of synchroneous stagings which are fitted into historical connections. Described in detail is the method of the deambulating plenum as a practical example of acting in consulting processes.     

知识员工组织认同对创新绩效的作用机制——基于知识管理视角的理论模型

组织认同对创新绩效的作用包括直接效应和间接效应两个层面。直接效应包括：组织认同可提高知识员工的稳定性,为创新活动提供人力资源保障,并能维持组织知识的延续性;激励知识员工不断充实自身知识,为提升组织竞争能力积极开展创新活动。间接效应体现在组织认同通过改变员工对知识管理的态度和认知,促使员工共享知识、创造知识,进而改善企业创新绩效。文章延伸探讨了基于知识管理的组织认同提升策略,即组织通过建立便于获取和共享知识的技术环境,满足知识员工不断更新知识的需求,可有效提高知识员工对组织的认同。