Technology,Gender and Time: A Contribution to the Debate

Using the data collected from research carried out at two Portuguese universities, this article highlights the way university lecturers currently deal with space and time. Their professional activity is not externally subjected to a specific time geometry that defines their working day. Teaching and researching time–spaces are basically task oriented. Furthermore, university lecturers are increasingly requested to perform tasks in very short time periods in order to secure financial support. To a certain extent, this pressure upon their work is facilitated by the use of technology. However, technology also causes a profound reconfiguration of working times and spaces, especially because it allows lecturers to work at any time from anywhere. This not only renders university physical spaces and times virtual, but it also leads to the colonization of several other time–spaces of their social lives. This article analyses the ambivalence and difficulty of managing time–spaces, as described by the lecturers themselves, with the objective of providing a more accurate awareness of the implications of technology on their lives, as well as the hazards of the progressive externalization of academic work, particularly for women.     

论空间技术发展的特点及趋势

空间技术作为综合性高新技术,是人类探索开发宇宙空间的有效手段,是带动综合国力的火车头。空间技术几十年来的发展应用已经且将继续对社会经济、政治、军事国防、科学技术及人们生活产生巨大影响。因是人类首次涉足的全新疆域,所以在其开拓性进展中呈现出一系列独特处,展现出运载工具重复使用化、航天活动商业化、产业化、国际化、注重军民两用航天技术的开发及军民商综合发展等新趋势。分析研究其发展特点和趋势,有助于我国航天发展战略的制定和加深人们对空间探索开发意义的认识、理解和支持。     

ROW AND COLUMAN DESIGNS WITH CONTIGUOUS REPLICATES

A method is given for constructing row and column designs for situations where replicates are contiguous. Designs of this type are needed in cotton variety trials. A table of generating arrays is given from which a series of resolvable designs can be constructed; these designs are called latinized α-designs. Some results from cotton variety trials are presented.     

菲涅耳照明透镜设计

在照明灯具中菲涅耳透镜代替平凸透镜有许多优点。本文描述了菲涅耳照明透镜的设计原理、计算方法及参数选择。所获得的菲涅耳照明透镜有非常好的性能。文中给出了测试结果。     

Whose attitudes to which aspects of work? or Cool media for high participation

Current approaches to the assessment of job attitudes—for use in job redesign—seem to centre upon the importance of job characteristics, such as those within the Job Characteristics Model. Data collection is largely through well-founded, repeatable, formal questionnaires. It is argued that a broader, ergonomics perspective is required, stressing the importance of job holders' attitudes to the technology being used, the physical environment and workplace, and procedures in support of work, such as training. Furthermore, if we wish to promote the participation of those whose work is being redesigned, the traditional and scientifically respectable questionnaire may not be the correct instrument. Data gathered by means of informal semi-structured discussion may better reflect the concerns and priorities of the people doing the work. Perhaps, to paraphrase Marshall McLuhan, formal job attitude instruments used alone are 'hot media', in the sense of being well-filled with data but low in participation. Informal discussion methods could be seen then as a 'cool medium', high in participation or completion by the audience (McLuhan 1964, pp. 22-23).     

The Risks of Using Nuclear Energy Sources in Space: Some Lay Activists'Perceptions

A combination of directive and nondirective techniques was used to study the mental models of 30 lay activists regarding the risks of nuclear energy sources in space. Respondents'perceptions were compared with an "expert model" of the processes generating and controlling these risks, in terms of both the substance of their beliefs and several statistical measures of their performance. These analyses revealed a complex pattern of strengths and weaknesses. Their details are used to derive recommendations for formulating messages about these risks.     

互连网络拓扑优化设计

论述了互连网络拓扑优化设计问题,建立了必要的数学模型,该数学模型是一个非线性组合优化问题,它属于NP—完备类问题。采取拉格朗日松弛法、次梯度迭代算法和启发式算法,得出最优下确界和结论。     

AN ALGORITHM FOR THE DESIGN OF 2? FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS ON CONTINUOUS PROCESSES

Saunders & Eccleston (1992) presented an approach to the design of 2-level factorial experiments for continuous processes. It determined sets of contrasts between the observations that could be well estimated, and then selected a design so that those contrasts estimated the parameters of interest. This paper shows that a well-estimated contrast must have a large number of changes of sign or level, and also be ‘paired’ in a particular sense. It develops an algorithm which constructs designs that must have a large number of changes of sign, evenly spread among the contrasts and optimal or near optimal. When such designs exist they are often preferable to those produced by the reverse foldover algorithm of Cheng & Steinberg (1991).     

以模拟为基础的氨合成塔内件优化设计计算

本文提出以模拟为基础，以氨净值为目标函数，以上绝热层，冷管层，下绝热层高度为调优变量的氨合成塔内件优化设计计算方法，并编制了相应的计算程序，实例表明本法具有简单、可靠、快速等特点。     

A quest for certain linear spaces on thirty points

We investigate the structure of linear spaces on 30 points which have no lines of sizes 2, 3, 6, 30.