UPSTREAM! Together evaluation results from community efforts to prevent mental,emotional, and behavioral health problems

Mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) health problems are prevalent globally. Despite effective programs that can prevent MEB problems and promote mental health, there has not been widespread adoption. UPSTREAM! Together was a planning project in three Colorado communities. Communities partnered with academic and policy entities to 1) translate evidence about MEB problem prevention into locally-relevant messages and materials and 2) develop long-term plans for broad implementation of interventions to prevent high-priority MEB problems. Community members recognized the need to talk about MEB problems to prevent them. The UPSTREAM! communities localized messages designed to start conversations and sustain attention on preventing MEB problems. The communities understood that prevention takes sustained community attention and advocacy, knowing that important outcomes may be years away. Long-term implementation plans aimed to strengthen families and enhance social connections among youth. Despite community readiness and capacity to implement evidence-based programs, there were few funding opportunities, delaying program implementation and revealing gaps between funding policies and community readiness. This community-engaged experience suggests an achievable approach, acceptable to communities, and worthy of further development and testing. Policies that cultivate and support local expertise may help to increase wider community adoption of evidence-based programs that promote mental health among youth.     

城市医生资源与新冠肺炎防控效率

本文利用非参数估计法考察了我国城市层面的新冠肺炎病情防控效率,讨论了医生资源对防控效率的影响。结果表明,城市疫情防控措施显著降低了每日新增病例,但存在明显地区异质性,城市医生资源差异是解释防控效率异质性的重要因素。医生资源对防控效率的影响具有非线性特征,在资源紧缺城市边际促进作用更大。包括病床和医院数量在内的医疗物质投入没有产生边际影响,表明医疗物质资源还未达到约束状态。进一步分析医生职业结构发现,临床医生的作用最为显著。地区应急响应启动越早,医生资源的作用越大,因此政府相关政策是医生资源作用的有力保障。新冠肺炎疫情一定程度上暴露了我国医生资源短板,需要多措并举有效提升城市医生资源供给。     

Children in separated families: A group-based intervention strategy

The effects of divorce and separation on children can be traumatic and long lasting. Any intervention has to be aware of, and sensitive to, the aims of custodial parents. A group-based intervention aimed at helping children to be less vulnerable to both emotional problems and future abuse is described. The results of such groups suggest that future intervention needs to treat the panacea of increasing child-parent communication with some caution, and should instead recognize that children make their own choices about when to speak out and what to say within their own family situation. Intervention should instead be geared towards helping children to sort out their own feelings and letting them decide how they want to express them.     

我国灾害防减基本法的框架设计

本文认为,灾害防减基本法的立法宗旨是及时发现突变征兆、尽量减慢量的积累以及全力弥补突变损耗;并以实证研究与比较分析的方法探求灾害防减立法框架,指出该框架应包括常设双重多级防灾组织体系、多元定期直列防灾方案系统、临时应急联动统筹指挥机制等,其重点应放在明确各级政府与国内企业的社会责任,保障灾害防减行动特别牺牲者的合法利益,从而形成国家统一领导、综合协调、分类管理、分级负责以及属地管理为主的灾害管理体制。     

论社会救助中的预防机制和服务保障：社会工作的功能及其运用

在社会救助中，社会工作应充分发挥其预防性功能。专业的社会工作能够在价值理念、理论模式、实务技巧及救助效果等四个方面指导、协助社会救助工作的展开，并使得社会救助的服务工作有效实施。社会救助与社会工作两者之间的有机衔接，将使得社会救助真正实现“从救济到救助、从保障到共生”的转变。     

Self-Exclusion Program: A Longitudinal Evaluation Study

Few self-exclusion programs have been evaluated and their long-term impact remains unknown. This study has two main goals: (1) to assess changes in gambling behaviour and gambling problems for self-excluded patrons, and (2) to follow self-excluded gamblers for a two-year period (during and after the self-exclusion period). Individuals who excluded themselves (N = 161 at the initial stage) participated in telephone interviews after signing the self-exclusion agreement and were followed at 6, 12, 18 and 24-months. Results show that according to the DSM-IV, 73.1% of the participants were pathological gamblers. The self-exclusion program has many positive effects. During the follow-ups, the urge to gamble was significantly reduced while the perception of control increased significantly for all participants. The intensity of negative consequences for gambling was significantly reduced for daily activities, social life, work, and mood. The DSM score was significantly reduced over time. This reduction also took place between the baseline and the 6-month follow-up. The clinical implications of the results are discussed in relation to the effectiveness of the program. Suggestions are provided in order to increase compliance of self-excluded patrons.     

欧盟对失业采取的预防和激励政策分析

对失业人员采取预防和激励政策是欧盟共同就业策略的核心内容,1998年以来,欧盟成员国在实施积极的劳动力政策和改革预防与激励政策方面有很大的进展,特别是在加强公共就业部门的现代化改革方面成绩显著。这一策略的实施给各成员国在不同程度上带来了积极的影响。     

农民工职业病:预防是最好的"治疗"

利用《2007中国卫生统计年鉴》、《中国劳动统计年鉴—2005》等全国性数据,分析了目前我国农民工职业病及防护的现状,得出大多数农民工所从事的行业职业病发病率较高及农民工职业病防护程度低的结论。指出预防农民工职业病对于农民工自身、企业和国家均具有重要意义,是最好的"治疗",并在此基础上进一步探讨了农民工职业病的预防措施。     

中药防治鸡法氏囊病的研究——法氏囊显微、超微结构的动态观察

将 8 0只 1日龄雅康公雏 ,饲喂至 2 4日龄 ,随机分成 5组 ,中药预防组鸡只每天灌喂中药“法囊饮”。至 3 0日龄时 ,经肌肉注射IBDV野毒 2ml/只。待出现临床症状后 ,除中药预防组外 ,其余 4组随机选取 3组分别给予特异抗体、中药、西药进行治疗 ,并于攻毒后 72h、12 0h、144h、192h、2 16h各组每次随机捕杀 3只。然后取法氏囊纵切为两份 :一份作Bouins氏液固定 ,H·E染色 ,光镜观察 ;另一份用 2 .5%戊二醛和 1% 钅我酸双重固定 ,醋酸铀染色 ,透射电镜观察。结果表明 :中药治疗组与特异抗体治疗组的效果相当 ;中药预防组与西药治疗组效果不明显。