日本好色文学中的《源氏物语》

好色文学是日本传统文学由来已久的一个部分。《源氏物语》对这种好色传统的形成和发展起到了重要的成型和推动作用。将《源氏物语》放在好色文学的背景中加以考察 ,从恋爱情趣和恋爱行为两个角度分析了的好色因素 ,并进一步探究了其对日本好色文学乃至近现代文学的影响     

Health-related quality of life in old age: preliminary report on the male perspective

Health-related quality of life is a key element of successful aging. With life expectancy increasing, postmenopausal estrogen/gestagen replacement therapy has been under discussion for some time with the aim of achieving a higher quality of life in old age. For a long time, the relevance of hormonal aging was only discussed with reference to women; however, more recent work deals with concepts that affect both sexes. According to recent studies, numerous symptoms and complaints which may impair quality of life, can be attributed to hormonal changes in old age in both women and men. The majority of age-related complaints, such as a decline in physical performance, decreased sexual activity and a deterioration of general well-being, are strongly reminiscent of the symptoms of classical pituitary disorders in adulthood. Since the early 1990s, scientific studies have also been investigating the influence of hormone 'replacement' in elderly men, using, for example, growth hormones. However, until now there has been no suitable measure for assessing the quality of life specifically in elderly men. In a research project aimed at developing a questionnaire (the VITA? questionnaire), roughly equal numbers of elderly men and women were asked about their subjective health and quality of life. It was found that men assessed their health-related quality of life very positively in a number of different dimensions of the questionnaire. In the present article the individual aspects of the quality of life of men are described and examples of gender-related differences are presented and discussed.     

A paradigm shift: from disease to health orientation

The history of science has been described as ‘paradigm shifts’ of sequential overthrow, each new paradigm replacing the previous one. A paradigm is an overarching view-point which guides the articulation of theories and other activities in a particular field. In the exploration of health, two different types of approach can be identified. The pathogenic view, which has dominated the orientation of medicine over the last hundred years, focuses on disease states and underlying factors that modify the chances of entering into one of those states. The competing salutogenic view appears to be undergoing a renaissance in the new strategies of public health and health promotion, and producing theories of health based on more holistic approaches and diverse methods. The two paradigms exist side by side, and both are in a constant state of flux. The advocates of the health-oriented paradigm say it is difficult to reach a true, in-depth understanding of human health on the basis of a disease-oriented approach or from the traditional vantage-point of risk-factor epidemiology, whereas opponents point out that health does not lend itself to exact measurements or experimentation in keeping with the Galilean natural science ideal. The importance and utility of health orientation need to be explored and ascertained in further research. The approach seems, however, to have a number of crucial assets that might help avoid the limitations of the established disease and risk-factor epidemiology approaches and promote new directions of pursuit, including a better understanding of the complex relationships between aging and health, and other current challenges in creating healthy public policy.

This paper was presented at the Second International Workshop on the Aging Male, Weimar, Germany, November 1999     

New dosage form for pulsatile delivery of melatonin: Development and testing in animal and human subjects

In the use of melatonin as a arcadian synchronizer in humans to treat a variety of rhythm disorders, it is desirable to develop controlled-release dosage forms that deliver melatonin in accordance with its endogenous secretory pattern, as well as preparations that release melatonin in a pulsatile manner. This paper describes the study of a new particulate dosage form for pulsatile delivery of melatonin (capsules B and C containing 10 mg each) in comparison with a fast-release form (capsule A containing 5 mg). The in vitro dissolution pattern of the dosage forms was characterized and completed by in vivo studies in dogs and male volunteers. Following oral administration of the melatonin preparations, the concentrations of both melatonin in serum (dogs and humans) and its main metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMEL6s) in urine (humans) were analyzed by means of specific radioimmunoassays. The following mean peak concentrations of melatonin in human serum were reached at 0.5–0.75 h (C_max1pmol/ml): 20.7(A), 16.4 (B) and 9.1 (C). Capsules B and C released a second melatonin pulse after about 3.5 h, with C_max2 of 13.0 and 17.5 pmol/ml, respectively. Dose proportionality for the melatonin preparations studied was calculated by determining the area under the curve (AUC₀-^10h) (pmol/ml, h): 18.4 (A), 36.1 (B) and 42.4 (C). The terminal serum half-lives of melatonin in male subjects ranged between 0.64 and 0.84 h. The time course of the renally excreted aMEL6s correlated with that of the respective melatonin serum concentrations.     

Aging androgens and the metabolic syndrome

Objective: To assess the responses of a symptom complex related to partial androgen deficiency in the aging male (PADAM) to androgen supplementation. Subjects and methods: Eighty-six men from five hospitals in Beijing aged 50-70 years with symptoms related to PADAM received oral testosterone undecanoate for 2 months, and the effects of the therapy were evaluated. Results: After treatment, the symptom scores were significantly improved (all p < 0.001). Serum levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were suppressed, and free testosterone and albuminbound testosterone levels were elevated. However, they were not significantly different from the pretreatment values. Waist/hip ratio and blood pressure were markedly decreased, but no changes were found in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin and prostate specific antigen. Conclusions: Two months of treatment with oral testosterone undecanoate clearly improved the symptoms related to PADAM. No statistical relationship was found between symptom improvement and androgen levels. Androgen therapy for 2 months was beneficial to the waist/hip ratio and blood pressure, and no harm was done to the prostate gland or lipid metabolism.     

The Philippine Male Aging Survey

The aging male is fast becoming a global concern. The problem is predicted to become a major health issue that should be addressed immediately in order to prevent disability, morbidity, and, more importantly, mortality. As part of its commitment to increase awareness and create interest in the care of Filipino aging males, The Philippine Society for the Study of the Aging Male Foundation, Inc. (PhiSSAM), a multi-specialty society established in 2000, embarked on a survey among Filipino physicians to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding male aging. Results showed that the majority of doctors (about 87%) thought that men may experience andropause. Most would diagnose patients based on symptoms alone, while only 20–30% used testosterone levels to make a diagnosis of andropause. Decreased libido and less strong erections were the symptoms very closely associated with low testosterone. Of those doctors responding, 89% agreed that andropause can affect the quality of a man's life as much as menopause can affect a female; only 38% had already prescribed/instituted treatment for andropause. Of the 62% non-prescribers, 58% said they were either very likely or fairly likely to institute treatment in the future if there were more clinical trials, more medical information, and more information on drugs. Major concerns on testosterone replacement therapy included prostate cancer, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and heart disease. The findings in this pilot survey indicate a need among the doctors in the Philippines for education about andropause and the available treatments.     

《文心雕龙》的范式观辨析

范式观是《文心雕龙》文论与诗学的基本思想,影响着全书的论文宗旨,奠定了全书的内在结构;《文心雕龙》的范式观体现为两个基本要素———作者群体与经典文本,两者的结合与匹配成为《文心雕龙》范式观最显在的标志;《文心雕龙》范式观有宏观与微观、显性与隐性之分,以不同的理论眼光、从不同的视角可以描绘出旨趣各异而又能自圆其说的范式格局来     

The Effects of Gender Role Congruence and Statistical Discrimination on Managerial Advancement

This paper makes the argument that themanagerial advancement process is different for womenand men. Men in management who choose to participatemore fully in family labor experience gender rolecongruence pressures and are penalized in the workplace.Women in management experience statisticaldiscrimination, meaning that they are viewed withsuspicion and that their commitment and competence isover-tested. Findings from data collected in two large firmssupported the gender role congruence and statisticaldiscrimination perspectives. Specifically, effortexpended on paid work was more strongly positively associated with advancement for men than forwomen. Participating in household labor hurt men sadvancement more than it did women s. Demonstratingcompetence in a series of internal organizationalexperiences was more strongly associated with advancementfor women than for men. Implications for theory,management, and future research are discussed.     

从清醒到梦想：西厢故事流变论

《莺莺传》为元稹招来了千古骂名,学者多以为其自寓的张生被当作一个始乱终弃的薄情文人而屡遭批判,而崔莺莺则被当作反叛封建礼教的勇敢女性而备受称扬,但实际上崔张都经历了追求、反思与逃避自由爱情的心理发展历程。《董西厢》、《王西厢》为董解元、王实甫赢得了千古美誉,被当作反叛封建礼教追求自由爱情的颂歌而备受青睐,但实际上崔张只不过谋求在封建礼教的框架下为感情留下可怜的发展空间,并未自觉主动地否定封建礼教而确认自由爱情的独立价值。从《莺莺传》到《董西厢》、《王西厢》的发展,体现了古代文人从清醒到梦想的心理流变历程。