从清醒到梦想：西厢故事流变论

《莺莺传》为元稹招来了千古骂名,学者多以为其自寓的张生被当作一个始乱终弃的薄情文人而屡遭批判,而崔莺莺则被当作反叛封建礼教的勇敢女性而备受称扬,但实际上崔张都经历了追求、反思与逃避自由爱情的心理发展历程。《董西厢》、《王西厢》为董解元、王实甫赢得了千古美誉,被当作反叛封建礼教追求自由爱情的颂歌而备受青睐,但实际上崔张只不过谋求在封建礼教的框架下为感情留下可怜的发展空间,并未自觉主动地否定封建礼教而确认自由爱情的独立价值。从《莺莺传》到《董西厢》、《王西厢》的发展,体现了古代文人从清醒到梦想的心理流变历程。     

Age-related patterns of DHEAS among Turkana males of northern Kenya

This paper is based on presentation given at the 2nd World Congress on the Aging Male, Geneva, Switzerland, February 2000     

Testosterone therapy – effects on prostate and bone

This paper is based on a presentation given at the 2nd World Congress on the Aging Male, Geneva, Switzerland, February 2000     

The influence of exercise on the functioning of the pituitary–gonadal axis in physically active older and younger men

Age is a meaningful factor modulating the functioning of the human endocrine system. In our research, the factor stimulating the pituitary–gonadal axis was a 400 m race. In this type of effort, glycolytic and lactic acid transformations are dominant and a fundamental increase in lactic acid concentration is noted. The aim of the research was to compare the response of the pituitary–gonadal axis in physically active men of various ages after a 400 m race. Nine men aged 21.7 ± 0.7 years and nine men aged 60.0 ± 3.4 years took part in the study. Blood samples were taken from the elbow vein before the race at 08.00 and immediately after the effort. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone and free testosterone were determined in blood sera. The concentration of lactic acid was measured in full blood at 5 min after the race. Before the effort, statistically significant differences in the concentration of FSH and free testosterone between the two age groups were observed (higher FSH in older men but lower free testosterone). No differences in the level of LH, total testosterone and lactic acid were observed. Immediately after the effort, no changes in the level of FSH were found in both groups; a statistically significant decrease in LH concentration was noted only in the group of younger men. In both groups, statistically significant increases in total testosterone, free testosterone and lactic acid concentrations were observed after the race. In the group of younger men, compared to the older, larger increases in free testosterone and lactic acid concentrations, as well as shorter race time, were revealed after the effort test. Analysis of the two groups after the race showed statistically significant differences in FSH, free testosterone and lactic acid concentrations. A positive correlation (r = 0.57) was demonstrated between the after-effort increase in the concentration of free testosterone and lactic acid, and negative correlation (r = –0.66) between the after-effort increase in the concentration of free testosterone and the time of the 400 m race. In older men, the concentration of free testosterone may play an important function in lowering strength capacities. It must be stressed that the 400 m race was a more significant stimulus for changes in hormone concentrations of the pituitary–gonadal axis in younger men (greater changes in the level of the investigated parameters) than in the older. The results obtained allow us to conclude that, in older men, as compared to the younger ones, the response of the pituitary–gonadal axis to an effort stimulus is to some extent different.     

Sui Sin Far's American Words

Abstract

This essay offers readings of three stories from Sui Sin Far's 1912 collection Mrs. Spring Fragrance: the title story, 'The Americanizing of Pau Tsu', and '"Its Wavering Image."' Each of these stories treats an episode of romance in a multiracial society as, simultaneously, a problem of reading and of writing in a contested culture. Each turns on a quoted passage from a poem, by Tennyson, Ban Jieyu, and Longfellow, respectively. (For the latter two stories, the sources have not previously been identified in published criticism.) Analysis of Sui Sin Far's subtle and transformative engagements with literary works from several national traditions both reveals new complexities in her fiction and has the potential to revise current views of literary history.     

Rethinking Bystander Nonintervention: Social Categorization and the Evidence of Witnesses at the James Bulger Murder Trial

Bystander apathy is a long establishedphenomenon in social psychology which has yet to betranslated into practical strategies for increasingbystander intervention. This paper argues that thetraditional paradigm is hampered by a focus on the physicalco-presence of others rather than an analysis of thesocial meanings inherent in (non)intervention. Thetestimony provided by 38 bystanders at the trial of two 10-year-old boys for the murder of2-and-a-half-year-old James Bulger is analyzed. It isargued that their failure to intervene can be attributedto the fact that they assumed — or were told— that the three boys were brothers. The way in whichthis category of the family served toprohibit or deflect intervention is analyzed. Thisapproach is contrasted with a traditional bystanderapathy account of the bystanders' actions in the Bulger case.It is argued that bystander (non)intervention phenomenonshould be analyzed in terms of the construction ofsocial categories in local contexts.     

How social media transform migrant networks and facilitate migration

We argue that social media are not only new communication channels in migration networks, but also that they actively transform the nature of these networks and thereby facilitate migration. Despite some limitations, which stem from the ‘digital divide’ and the lower trustworthiness of virtual ties, qualitative data reveal four relevant ways in which social media facilitate international migration. First, they enhance the possibilities of maintaining strong ties with family and friends. Second, they address weak ties that are relevant to organizing the process of migration and integration. Third, they establish a new infrastructure consisting of latent ties. Fourth, they offer a rich source of insider knowledge on migration that is discrete and unofficial. This makes potential migrants ‘streetwise’ when undertaking migration. Based on these empirical findings we conclude that social media are transforming migration networks and thereby lowering the threshold for migration.     

The multiplicity of citizenship: transnational and local practices and identifications of middle‐class migrants

In this article we focus on local and transnational forms of active citizenship, understood as the sum of all political practices and processes of identification. Our study, conducted among middle‐class immigrants in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, indicates that the importance of active transnational citizenship should not be overstated. Among these immigrants, political practices are primarily focused on the local level; political practices directed to the home country appear to be quite rare. However, although transnational activities in the public sphere are rather exceptional, many immigrants do participate in homeland‐directed activities in the private sphere. If we look at processes of identification, we see that a majority of the middle‐class immigrants have a strong local identity. Many of them combine this local identification with feelings of belonging to people in their home country.     

日本好色文学中的《源氏物语》

好色文学是日本传统文学由来已久的一个部分。《源氏物语》对这种好色传统的形成和发展起到了重要的成型和推动作用。将《源氏物语》放在好色文学的背景中加以考察 ,从恋爱情趣和恋爱行为两个角度分析了的好色因素 ,并进一步探究了其对日本好色文学乃至近现代文学的影响