构建大学生心理疾病预防与危机干预体系

大学生心理健康维护是一个多层次的系统工程。从目前大学生心理健康状况入手,根据危机形成与干预理论,构建了大学生心理疾病预防与危机干预体系,提出了对该体系进一步完善的举措。     

The Maine Savvy Caregiver Project: Translating an Evidence-Based Dementia Family Caregiver Program Within the RE-AIM Framework

This article presents findings of a 3-year Savvy Caregiver Program translational study designed with the RE-AIM framework to create a statewide sustainable infrastructure and improve dementia family caregiver outcomes in one rural state. The RE-AIM dimensions—reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance—were evaluated using mixed methods. The program reached 770 caregivers and 87.7% (n = 676) participated in the study with 60.5% (n = 409) residing in rural locations. Participants demonstrated improved confidence, fewer depressive symptoms, and better managed their situation. Trainer resources, partnerships, and adequate planning were essential for program adoption and sustainability. Implications for replication are discussed.     

A statistical algorithm for detecting cognitive plateaus in Alzheimer’s disease

Repeated neuropsychological measurements, such as mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores, are frequently used in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research to study change in cognitive function of AD patients. A question of interest among dementia researchers is whether some AD patients exhibit transient “plateaus” of cognitive function in the course of the disease. We consider a statistical approach to this question, based on irregularly spaced repeated MMSE scores. We propose an algorithm that formalizes the measurement of an apparent cognitive plateau, and a procedure to evaluate the evidence of plateaus in AD using this algorithm based on applying the algorithm to the observed data and to data sets simulated from a linear mixed model. We apply these methods to repeated MMSE data from the Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, finding a high rate of apparent plateaus and also a high rate of false discovery. Simulation studies are also conducted to assess the performance of the algorithm. In general, the false discovery rate of the algorithm is high unless the rate of decline is high compared with the measurement error of the cognitive test. It is argued that the results are not a problem of the specific algorithm chosen, but reflect a lack of information concerning the presence of plateaus in the data.     

明代医家秦昌遇的诊疗规范和处方用药

明代医学家秦昌遇,精通内科,尤擅长儿科。其诊治疾病,强调区分内伤和外感,推崇以症、因、脉、治为纲,以症为主;针对寒温补泻之争,摒弃种种偏见,折衷其间,善于古方化裁,触类旁通。秦氏的诊疗规范和处方用药,在明末医界颇具见地,值得深入研究。     

“资源诅咒”理论的兴起与演进

自奥蒂（Auty）提出“资源诅咒”理论以来,资源禀赋与经济增长之间的悖论关系一直是经济学家们关注的热点问题之一。为此,梳理了近20年来国内外“资源诅咒”领域的主要理论模型和实证研究成果,在理论模型部分,讨论了Matsuyama模型到S—W模型的理论建模演进路径;在实证研究部分,按照“资源诅咒”理论的真伪性检验和传导渠道检验两条发展脉络,阐述了相关的研究思路、研究方法、样本选择及主要结论等。此外,还讨论了国内学者对“资源诅咒”问题的研究进展和存在的主要不足。     

鲁迅式"疾病符码"的解读

在中国现代文学的序列当中,并非只有鲁迅一人把疾病当做重要的文学审美观照,但在运用＂疾病符码＂发掘和呈现中国民族精神状态方面,他却以他独特的风格完成了尝试,并在作品中形成具有自己特色的疾病隐喻体系。其中,创作自不同时期的小说《狂人日记》、《药》和《孤独者》,集中的展现了鲁迅对＂疾病＂的个性描摹,从而完成通过＂疾病符码＂对民族精神疾病的发掘、呈现和反思。     

中国的跳鼠

跳鼠类是温带荒漠和草原的代表性啮齿动物。它们具有一系列适于荒漠和草原生活的形态特征及行为。全世界有跳鼠30种,分布于亚洲、欧洲和北非,其分布区基本上与旧大陆干旱地区的界线一致。中国有跳鼠11种,分别隶属于7属。本文根据跳鼠化石的出土地区和有些原始跳鼠的分布现状,认为包括中国、蒙古人民共和国和苏联在内的亚洲中部,可能是跳鼠类的起源地和分布中心。 跳鼠是多种人鼠共患疾病的传播者,应注意它们在动物流行病中的作用。     

灰关联聚类分析方法碘乏病防治效果评价中的应用

本文以灰色系统理论为基础,创立了碘缺乏病防治效果评价分析方法,并通过实例证实其评价方法的简洁性、灵活性和有效性,其结论可为指导防治工作提供依据。     

Risk Assessment of Virus in Drinking Water

The reevaluation of drinking water treatment practices in a desire to minimize the formation of disinfection byproducts while assuring minimum levels of public health protection against infectious organisms has caused it to become necessary to consider the problem of estimation of risks posed from exposure to low levels of microorganisms, such as virus or protozoans, found in treated drinking water. This paper outlines a methodology based on risk assessment principles to approach the problem. The methodology is validated by comparison with results obtained in a prospective epidemiological study. It is feasible to produce both point and interval estimates of infection, illness and perhaps mortality by this methodology. Areas of uncertainty which require future data are indicated.     

An Analysis of Changes in the Risk of Mortality from Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, 1968-1977

Nonlinear hazard models are used to examine temporal trends in the age-specific mortality risks of chronic obstructive lung diseases for the U.S. population. These hazard functions are fit to age-specific mortality rates for 1968 and 1977 for four race/sex groups. Changes in the parameters of these models are used to assess two types of differences in the age pattern of the rates between 1968 and 1977. The first measure of trend in the age-specific mortality rates is the temporal change in the proportionality constant in the function used to model their age variation. By allowing only this proportionality parameter to vary between 1968 and 1977, it is possible to determine an age-constant percentage increase or decrease. The second measure reflects the absolute displacement in terms of years of life of the fitted mortality curves for the two time points. This second index can be interpreted as the acceleration or deceleration of mortality risks over the life span, i.e., the number of years that is needed for mortality rates to achieve the same level as in the comparison group. The analysis showed that the age changes in chronic obstructive lung disease mortality rates differed by race/sex group and for both measures of change over the period. Adjustment of the fitted curves for the effects of individual variability in risk was significant for three of four groups.