Barriers to Managing Coronary Artery Disease Among Older Women

Numerous barriers to managing coronary artery disease (CAD) among older women are reported in the literature; however, few studies adjust for demographic and health status differences. A survey assessing barriers and other factors was distributed to a stratified random sampling of older women with CAD. Factor analysis and multiple logistic regression procedures were used to estimate the impact of these issues on receiving a CAD-related office visit. The most problematic barriers included denial and low health literacy. Efforts to promote patient awareness of heart health and better communication between patients and clinicians may alleviate these barriers.     

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Entrance Assessment Model Through Air Passenger Violations

This article aims to construct a risk model for the prediction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) entrance caused by passengers who illegally carry meat products of cloven-hoofed animals through international airports into a country. The risk that meat contaminated with the FMD virus is formulated as the probabilities of FMD factor events (the prevalence of FMD), the commodity factor event (the transportation, storage, and distribution (TSD) factor event), and the passenger event. Data used for analysis were records of illegal meat product carriers from areas A and B intercepted at an international airport in Taiwan. A risk model was proposed to simulate the probability distributions in disease prevalence, probability of FMD virus existing in the meat products after meat processing, and estimation of survival of virus and time period for TSD. The probability of the passenger event was hypothesized with the odds of intercepted passengers and estimated via logistic regression. The results showed that the odds of passengers being intercepted by beagles were higher than those intercepted by Customs. By conducting Monte Carlo simulations, the probability of FMD virus risk caused by FMD factors from area A was 149 times lower than that from area B. The probability of FMD virus risk caused by the passenger event from area A was four times lower than the corresponding probability from area B. The model provides a contribution to FMD prevention and can be a reference for developing models of other diseases.     

宋代江南地区疾疫成因分析

现代医学认为流行病是由各种生物性致病原或称为病原体所引起的一组具有强烈传染性的疾病.而从传统医学角度而言,所谓流行病是指具有温热病性质的急性传染病,属温热病中具有强烈传染性、病情危重凶险并具有大流行特征的一类疾病.在古代文献中,一般称之为疲、疾疲、瘥、札、疠等.宋人也大体承袭了这一提法.通常情况下,疫病与流行病无法确切区分,因此,统称流行病为疾疫或瘟疫.宋代江南地区是流行病的多发区.这大概与江南地区水网密布,气候温湿、人口密集、人员流动频繁、经济较为活跃易于细菌病毒繁殖有关.     

Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities

This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300–0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012–19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072–20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166–0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011–1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.     

高羊茅、假俭草对除草剂与真菌病抗性研究

选择了3种常用的除草剂Basta、草甘膦和百草枯,分别对高羊茅、假俭草进行喷雾处理.结果表明:高羊茅对草甘膦、Basta、百草枯3种除草剂的抗性依次减弱,高羊茅较假俭草对Basta的抗性强.转Bar基因高羊茅与非转化组培苗对照涂抹Basta后,转化植株比对照表现出黄化时间推迟,黄化程度减轻.转pChi-Glu基因高羊茅与非转化组培苗对照挑战接种禾谷镰刀菌后,转化植株比对照表现出抗病性增强.     

安徽省某高校大学生住院疾病构成及费用分析

目的：了解安徽省大学生住院疾病构成以及费用发生情况,为高校更好地开展预防保健工作以及完善大学生医疗保障体系提供参考。方法：通过大学生医保信息平台,收集安徽省某高校2015—2016年学生住院信息,运用SPSS20.0进行数据分析。结果：两年内,大学生住院总人数为425人,总住院率0.8%。导致大学生住院的前五类疾病分别为消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、意外伤害、肿瘤和传染病。学生的住院费用有95%以上集中在5 000~20 000元。男生的意外伤害住院率（0.8%）比女生（0.7%）高,差异有统计学意义。结论：学校人群密集,消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病和传染性疾病居前,肿瘤疾病经济负担重,学生亚健康状态不容忽视,医保报销后自付费用仍较高。     

降糖药物——阿尔茨海默病治疗的新思路

流行病学研究表明2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM）能够增加患者发生阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer＇s disease,AD）的风险。进一步的分子机制研究也表明,胰岛素抵抗以及胰岛素缺乏,这个T2DM特征性和最主要的发病机制也在AD的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。近年来甚至有人提议将AD称作＂3型糖尿病＂。基于这些研究,降糖药物也许是治疗AD的一个新选择。大量的临床试验研究也已经表明AD患者能够从降糖药物中获益,本文将主要介绍胰岛素、二甲双胍、噻唑烷二酮类药物以及胰升糖素样多肽1类似物。     

高校教工慢性病及其危险因素现状调查

2012年1月—2013年1月,对几所高校1 268名教工慢性病的发病情况及危险因素进了行分析.结果表明,随着年龄增长,女性患高血压、高脂血症及肥胖、超重的比例均呈增高趋势;而55岁以下的男性,肥胖和超重人数随年龄增长而增多,大于55岁者则渐趋下降.糖尿病和高血压患者无性别差异,其他慢性病的患病率均为男性高于女性.高脂血症和高血压随体重指数(BMI)的增高而有上升之势,而体重指数与糖尿病的患病率无明显相关性.肥胖、超重或消瘦的教职工,其糖尿病患病率均高于标准体重指数的人群.     

后期维特根斯坦对哲学病的探究

维特根斯坦是自康德以来西方哲学史上对哲学的性质问题作深入思考的又一位重要哲学家。他在后期哲学中认为 ,以往哲学总是采取心理主义或本质主义的单一固定模式来理解日常语言 ,结果导致了哲学语言的痼疾。基于此 ,哲学的任务是 :既要全面了解日常语言所描述的问题 ,获得“全貌概观” ,又要依照某种具体情境 ,对日常语言停留在“家族相似”层面上的理解 ,以还日常语言丰富和真实的“游戏”本色。     

清高宗孝贤皇后死因考辨

清乾隆皇帝之元后富察氏孝贤皇后,出身名门,一生恭俭贤淑,颇受好评;但关于孝贤皇后之死,正史、野史众说纷纭。经系统地研究和考辨,笔者推断出孝贤皇后崩逝之根本原因在于其长期身心受损,旅途劳累、微感寒疾只不过是其死亡之导火索,而乾隆帝"舟中夜宴"或许也进一步加快了其死亡步伐。