20世纪初"新民"思想的倡导与超越——梁启超与青年鲁迅改造"国民性"思想之比较

由于特殊的历史现实 ,从世纪初严复提出“鼓民力、开民智、新民德”这一命题起 ,国民性改造就成为时代主题之一而受到 2 0世纪中国思想家们的极大关注。本文从思想基础、对现状的认识、对未来的规划及改造的途径等诸方面来比较在世纪初“新民”思想滥觞时期 ,在同样的口号下梁启超与青年鲁迅的思想所表现出的异质性 ,力图通过对比找到二者发展的不同的基础奠定 ,从而探索出后来二者“异路”的溯源所在     

传统文化典籍大众传播的多渠道选择

由于传统文化的生成环境及其价值取向不同于当代,加之其承载形式不易为当代人理解,所以传统文化的大众传播面临困境。传统文化大众传播的目的是提高大众的文化素质而不是培养学者,因而可以借助于大众媒介,多渠道传承。一是利用电视的强大覆盖优势,本着公益宗旨,普及传统文化;二是利用网络等数字技术,发挥文化事业职能,提供传统文化学习资源;三是开发传统文化资源,借助文化产品传承传统文化。     

Obamacare and the Politics of Universal Health Insurance Coverage in the United States

In the USA, universal coverage has long been a key objective of liberal reformers. Yet, despite the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) (commonly known as ‘Obamacare’) in 2010, the USA is not set to provide health care coverage to all, even if and when that reform is fully implemented. This article explores this issue by asking the following question: Why was a clear commitment to universal coverage, the norm in other industrialized countries, excluded as a core objective of the PPACA and how has post‐enactment politics at both the federal and the state level further shaped coverage issues? The analysis traces the issue of universal coverage prior to the debate over the PPACA, during the 2008 presidential race, and during consideration of the bill. The article then looks at the post‐enactment politics of coverage, with a particular focus on how states have responded to the planned use of the Medicaid programme to expand access to care. The article concludes by discussing how an explanation of the limits of the PPACA, in terms of both its commitment to universal coverage and, more importantly, the failure to provide comprehensive health insurance to all, requires an understanding of complex institutional and policy dynamics.     

Comprehensive maternity support and shared care in Switzerland: Comparison of levels of satisfaction

Background

According to the woman-centred care model, continuous care by a midwife has a positive impact on satisfaction. Comprehensive support is a model of team midwifery care implemented in the large Geneva University Hospitals in Switzerland, which has organised shared care according to the biomedical model of practice. This model of care insures a follow up by a specific group of midwives, during perinatal period.

论唐代官学制度

唐代是中国封建社会官学制度日臻完善和空前发展的重要时期.在文教政策上,尊崇儒术,兼重佛老;在学校制度上,经学学校、专科性学校、职业性教育,各领风骚;在课程设置上,学科细化,必修与选修并进.另外,唐代官学,无论在学校体制、管理结构,还是入学条件、修业年限,以及教学内容和考试制度等方面,都集中体现和反映了中国封建社会官学制度发展的基本趋势和性质特点,并对以后中国古代学制的演变与发展,产生了极其深远的影响.     

Exceeding parents’ expectations in Ear–Nose–Throat outpatient facilities: The development and analysis of a questionnaire

The study attempts to develop an outpatient service quality scale by investigating the key dimensions which assess parental satisfaction and provides a recommendation on an improved health service delivery system. The survey was conducted in an Ear–Nose–Throat outpatient clinic of a Greek public pediatric hospital. A total of 127 parents in outpatient waiting areas were chosen; 74.8% of the sampled parents were under 40, and 78% were mothers. A factor analysis was performed; while a Fischer's exact test and multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted. All Cronbach's α exceeded 0.70 and all factor loadings exceeded 0.50. Twenty-three items were retained through the scale development process and seven factors were formed that appear to be statistically valid and clinically meaningful: access and convenience, doctor's attention, customization, reliability, assurance, satisfaction and loyalty. Findings were discussed in relation to parents’ overall satisfaction and intention of reusing and recommending outpatient clinic. Satisfaction was found to be positively affected by access and convenience and doctors’ attention. Staff attitude and the telephone procedure of scheduling the child's examination found positively correlated to the likelihood of recommending services to friends and relatives. Time and communication in the waiting room influenced parents’ satisfaction. Overall, results reveal the measures that need to be taken in order to improve outpatient service quality.     

An in-depth mixed-methods approach to Ryan White HIV/AIDS care program comprehensive needs assessment from the Northeast Georgia Public Health District: The significance of patient privacy,psychological health,and social stigma to care

We apply a social-ecological interpretive framework to understanding relationships among patient privacy, psychological health, social stigma, and continuity in care in the HIV treatment cascade in the rural southeastern US. This research was conducted as part of the 2013 comprehensive needs assessment for the Northeast Georgia Ryan White Consortium using an anthropologically informed mixed-methods design, and a deductive-inductive approach to thematic analysis of qualitative data obtained in interviews and focus groups with service providers and service utilizers. Our comprehensive needs assessment yielded two key components. First, we identified salient phenomena influencing introduction to, retention among, and satisfaction of patients in the Ryan White-coordinated treatment cascade in NE-GA. Second, we formulated actionable recommendations around leverage points identified in the current district-wide system of care. Results highlight spatial, institutional, and interpersonal aspects of the system of care that intersect around issues of patient privacy, psychological health, and social stigma. These intersections constitute pathways by which persons living with HIV are exposed to stigma and other negative social signals regarding their health status without sufficient access to behavioral health services. These negative issues, in turn, can erect significant barriers to long-term continuity in care.     

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Meets the ‘Persistently Uninsured’

Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly known as ‘Obamacare’), the national uninsured rate has fallen from 17.3 per cent in 2013 to 11.7 per cent in the first half of 2015. While this is a substantial drop, even accounting for the states that did not expand Medicaid, the remaining double‐digit national rate, as well as higher rates in some states, indicates that a significant minority of Americans are not buying insurance. Researchers have identified a segment of the population with weak or uncertain preferences for health insurance. This article explores how such individuals are unevenly distributed across states and whether cultural preferences relating to time preference and risk aversion underlie the geographic distribution of the ‘persistently uninsured’. It concludes by reviewing the policy implications presented by the presence of numerous health insurance sceptics in certain jurisdictions.