Social Competence with Peers in Third Grade: Associations with Earlier Peer Experiences in Childcare1

The early developmental antecedents of individual differences in children's social functioning with peers in third grade were examined using longitudinal data from the large‐scale National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) study of early child care. In a sample of 1,364 children, with family and child factors controlled, the frequency of positive and negative peer interactions in childcare between 24 and 54 months and the number of hours spent in childcare peer groups of different sizes (alone, dyad, small, medium, large) predicted third graders' peer competence at three levels of analysis: individual social skills, dyadic friendships, and peer‐group acceptance. Children who had more positive experiences with peers in childcare had better social and communicative skills with peers in third grade, were more sociable and co‐operative and less aggressive, had more close friends, and were more accepted and popular. Children with more frequent negative experiences with peers in childcare were more aggressive in third grade, had lower social and communicative skills, and reported having fewer friends. When children spent more time in small‐sized peer groups in childcare (four or fewer children at 24 months of age up to seven or fewer at 54 months), they were more sociable and co‐operative in third grade, but their teachers rated them as more aggressive, suggesting that such children may be more socially outgoing and active both positively and negatively. Like those who spent more time in small peer groups, children who spent more hours in medium‐sized groups received higher ratings for peer aggression by their third‐grade teachers. Children who spent more time with one other child in childcare or in small peer groups had fewer classroom friends in third grade as reported by the teacher but not according to maternal report or self‐report. There were no significant associations between the amount of time children spent in large childcare‐based peer groups and third‐grade peer social competence.     

“虎照门事件”与政府公共关系危机的思考

“虎照门事件”引发了对政府公信力的讨论，政府组织公信力的缺失会影响政府机构在公众眼中的形象。政府形象则是政府公共关系成败的重要指数和政府公共关系追求的工作目标。政府组织是一类特殊的公共关系主体，其特殊的性质和职能决定了其在构建良好公共关系的过程中，必须注意不同公众的诸多特点和需求，掌握并且科学地运用信息传播中的原则和技巧，使政府公共关系真正成为加强政府组织公信力、提升政府组织形象、协调政府组织与广大公众关系的现代管理模式，从而增强政府组织的亲和力，提高工作效率，实现政府与公众的有效沟通协调，相互信任。     

Intercandidate agenda-setting in presidential elections: Issue and attribute agendas in the 2004 campaign

This study examined the role of political public relations in the process of intercandidate agenda-setting. Specifically, a content analysis of news releases, political speeches, and issue platform statements was conducted to assess the salience of issues and attributes in the 2004 presidential election from the Bush, Kerry, and Nader campaigns. While modest evidence for intercandidate agenda-setting associations regarding issue salience was obtained, more robust support was detected for attribute salience relationships. In light of these findings, the theoretical and practical implications for political public relations are discussed.     

休斯对社会学族群关系理论的反思

在社会学族群关系的研究领域中,埃弗雷特·休斯是一个往往被忽视的重要学者。本文通过对其几篇文章的阅读与引介,来梳理休斯对社会学族群关系研究的贡献,特别是他对族群主观性特征的强调及在此基础上对族群关系研究的反思,从而增强与补充我们对该理论领域的认知与理解。     

试论我国高校办学自主权问题

从高校办学自主权概念的提出、使用及其内容入手,论述了高校办学自主权的落实要以理顺政府高教管理部门与高校之间的关系为前提,进而指出其落实的关键在于政府高教管理部门的施政方式,并对宏观管理和行政指导两种施政方式作了初步论述。     

公共危机中的媒体公关——以《新闻调查》为例

公共危机虽然通常是突发事件，但从长远看。危机的产生是一种社会的常态。从《新闻调查》栏目中折射出各领域公共部门关于公共危机处理方式的不足。这综合反映了建立关于危机管理的长效机制的要求。而且，危机管理的意义不仅在于增强公共部门自身的抵御风险的能力，还应包括针对媒体的宣传策略，即媒体公关。     

城乡发展的不和谐性及统筹对策

改革开放以来,横向比较,我国城乡居民收入、消费水平、教育程度、公共卫生、文化建设等差距明显在扩大。其原因主要有:自然地理、思想文化、人力资本、财政政策、制度、新"剪刀差"等因素。缩小城乡发展差距,为推进新农村建设奠定坚实的基础,需构建和谐城乡发展关系,实现城乡良性互动;夯实新农村建设的基础平台;从制度环境、金融支撑、要素流动机制等入手,动员全社会力量积极参与。     

THE JAPANESE TANSHIN FUNIN

This paper examines the tanshin funin, the Japanese commuter family. As a topic that has received little coverage in academia, this paper defines and explains the unique tanshin funin family structure that is found in Japan. Data were gathered from numerous sources, including interviews that were conducted in the Kansai region in 2000 and 2002, as well as secondary interviews and research that has been published by Japanese scholars and the media during the last two decades. First the absence of the tanshin funin from past family research is discussed, followed by the historical development of this family structure and the factors that enable and maintain its existence. The purpose of this paper is to recognize and explore the tanshin funin in Japan, as it is yet to be identified in Western academia.     

Does familiarity breed contempt?: Analyses of the relationship among company familiarity,company reputation,company citizenship,and company personality on corporate equity

The effects of familiarity have received little attention in the areas of public relations. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to predict the influence of familiarity on corporate equity, which is measured by willingness to invest in a corporation or purchase its products or services using several mediating variables such as citizenship, reputation, and personality. The Roper Corporate Reputation Scorecard was used to study these variables using an online panel survey from NOP World of 1500 participants. Results found familiarity does have a positive relationship in each industry regarding citizenship, reputation, and personality. In addition, the latter three variables had a significant positive effect on corporate equity.