美国在日韩邦交正常化谈判中的作用（1951-1965）

日韩邦交正常化谈判(1951-1965)历时长达14年之久,不可避免地受到国际环境的影响,尤其受到美国东北亚战略的影响。反之,日韩会谈也从一个侧面反映了东北亚冷战格局的演变。探讨美国在日韩邦交正常化谈判中的作用,可以分析美国为什么“搭台”以及如何“搭台”的。     

春秋邦交思想述论

春秋邦交思想作为政治家、外交家和思想家对现实社会邦交实践认识的升华和提高的结晶 ,时刻指导、约束着人们在邦交活动中的决策和行动。作为春秋邦交思想最高准则的德 ,包涵了礼、信、仁、义等各种观念。本文通过对不同时期德所透凸出来的含义和特点的考察 ,勾勒出春秋邦交思想发展和流变的历程 ,由此 ,可以更进一步地认识春秋邦交的现实及其特点     

Stochastic dominance in multicriterion analysis under risk

Traditionally, in the literature on the modelling of decision aids one notes the propensity to treat expected utility models and outranking relation models as rivals. It may be possible, however, to benefit from the use of both approaches in a risky decision context. Stochastic dominance conditions can be used to establish, for each criterion, the preferences of a decision maker and to characterise them by a concave or convex utility function.Two levels of complexity in preference elicitation, designated as clear and unclear, are distinguished. Only in the case of unclear preferences is it potentially interesting to attempt to estimate the value function of the decision maker, thus obtaining his (her) preferences with a reduced number of questions. The number of questions that must be asked of the decision maker depends upon the level of the concordance threshold that he(she) requires in the construction of the outranking relations using the ELECTRE method.     

核威慑的伦理问题域及其表现分析

核威慑问题涉及军事、政治、国际关系、科技、经济、文化、法律等领域,是一个极为敏感又牵涉面广且同人类的和平、安全、幸福以及身家性命密切关联的问题丛。核威慑关乎生命价值和尊严问题,关涉政治权利的正当性问题、传统战争伦理规范的适应性问题、工具理性与价值理性的冲突问题,涉及主权、人权与国际正义的困境问题。核威慑的伦理问题错综复杂且牵涉面广,人类迫切需要发展核威慑伦理理论,提升自身对核武器的实践理性能力。     

“‘甘肃文学八骏’东部行”与社会转型期的东西部文学关系

社会转型期文学生态的变化使得东西部文学关系出现了新的面向,东西部之间文学意义的互见成为可能。＂甘肃文学八骏＂能够成为文学界颇有影响的品牌,很大程度上得益于他们突破自我、主动寻求与＂他者＂＂对话＂的路径选择,通过＂进上海＂、＂进北京＂等＂东部行＂的文学活动,在东部和西部文学界之间找到了一种共同维护文学理想的话语方式。透过＂‘甘肃文学八骏’东部行＂的表象,就会发现它在东部与西部、都市与乡村、中心与边缘以及地域性与差异性等文学关系上有着意义丰富的涵盖。     

近代中日关系与中华民族复兴观念的形成

中华民族复兴观念的生成与演变,与民族危机的发展尤其是日本帝国主义入侵的刺激息息相关。1894年甲午中日战争发生后民族危机的加深与民族意识的觉醒,促成中华民族复兴观念的酝酿;日本帝国主义提出灭亡中国的＂二十一条＂使民族危机继续加深,刺激了民族复兴话语的进一步发酵,中华民族复兴观念初具雏形;1931年＂九一八＂事变把中华民族推到生死存亡的危机关头,在民族危机空前深重的背景下中华民族复兴观念迅速定型,并很快流衍为一种有广泛社会影响力的社会思潮;1937年＂七七事变＂的发生使＂中华民族到了最危险的时候＂,随着民族危机的进一步发展,九一八事变后成为流行话语的民族复兴思潮趋于深化、高涨;1945年抗日战争的胜利扭转了近代以来抗击外国侵略战争屡战屡败的局面,成为中华民族由衰弱走向复兴的转换枢纽与重要标志。     

How interrank contacts benefit masters in a Buddhist monastery: Comparing the effects of ascribed Dharma titles and perceived status

Social interactions within modern Buddhist communities reflect two hierarchical rules. First, the Dharma titles ordained to specific masters affect how they interact with one another. Second, as more Buddhist organizations adapt to secular society, their members also network along nonreligious hierarchies. To capture how such changing social hierarchies shape masters’ social networks, this study examines the “status effects” embedded in social interactions within Foothills, a Buddhist monastery in Taiwan, based on contact diaries recorded over twenty-eight months. Multilevel analyses that focus on 102,254 contacts nested in 582 interpersonal ties among 53 Buddhist masters indicate that nearly all pairings of the ascribed Dharma titles had significant effects on emotional gain, and perceived status was not significant. In addition, contact with the highest ascribed title was clearly more important for instrumental gain, whereas the pattern of the perceived status effect was ambiguous. While the modern monastery has incorporated task-oriented work from secular society, the ordained titles continue to generate more profound effects than perceived status.     

从邓小平政治体制改革之路反思新时期党政关系模式的重构

邓小平政治体制改革之路一波三折,从20世纪80年代党政分开的提出到九十年代步履维艰的改革历程表明,其核心就是要解决权力过分集中的制度弊端。新时期党政关系规范化模式的构建是在原有政治结构并未发生根本性变化的前提之下的一种自我调适。     

Loneliness and Peer Relations in Adolescence

The present study examined whether adolescent loneliness would be lower within the context of positive relationships with peers. The core conceptual model predicted that hypothesized links between peer‐rated social behaviors or victimization and loneliness would be mediated by social acceptance. Relationship experiences (i.e., social acceptance, reciprocal liking, and romantic relationship history), also were hypothesized to serve as protective factors in the links between social behaviors/victimization and loneliness. Finally, we examined sociometric status group differences in loneliness. Participants were 2091 11th grade students (61 percent girls). As expected, adolescent loneliness was positively associated with shyness, even when social acceptance was controlled. Additionally, loneliness was positively correlated with victimization and inversely related to prosocial and disruptive behavior. The link between victimization and loneliness was fully mediated by social acceptance; no other mediational models were supported. Also, the three relationship experience variables were unique predictors of loneliness (with social acceptance explaining the bulk of the variance in loneliness). There was no evidence, however, that social acceptance moderated the links between social behavior or victimization and loneliness. Sociometric analyses revealed that neglected and shy‐rejected, but not aggressive‐rejected adolescents, were lonelier than average peers.     

Order statistics from non-identical right-truncated Lomax random variables with applications

In this paper, we derive some recurrence relations for the single and the product moments of order statistics from n independent and non-identically distributed Lomax and right-truncated Lomax random variables. These recurrence relations are simple in nature and could be used systematically in order to compute all the single and product moments of all order statistics in a simple recursive manner. The results for order statistics from the multiple-outlier model (with a slippage of p observations) are deduced as special cases. We then apply these results by examining the robustness of censored BLUE's to the presence of multiple outliers. Received: November 30, 1998; revised version: March 8, 2000