Stigma of ink: Tattoo attitudes among college students

We test a structural equations model of stigma against tattooed persons and attitudes toward future tattoos among 195 tattooed and 257 non-tattooed college students. Having tattooed friends and family members undermines stigma against tattooed persons while beliefs about negative side effects of tattooing reinforces stigma assignment. The variables above and the respondent having a tattoo predict attitude toward future tattoos. We test a second model, stigma victimization, drawing on data from the 195 tattooed respondents. While greater tattoo abundance results in greater stigma victimization, respondents with more tattoos also report a greater commitment to their current tattoos and less desire for removal. We discuss results using attitude theory, stigma theory, and the contact theory of prejudice.     

青少年友谊质量和社会自我关系研究

友谊作为特殊的同伴关系,在青少年社会性发展及成长过程中起着不可替代的作用,对其社会自我的形成具有重要意义。梳理国内外有关青少年友谊质量和社会自我研究的成果可以发现以往的研究大多集中在对两者中其一的单独研究,抑或友谊质量、社会自我各自与其他因素之间的关系研究,较少有研究者对友谊质量与社会自我关系展开全面细致的研究。总结以往的研究存在以下问题:友谊质量的界定不够明确;友谊质量、社会自我的结构划分众说纷纭;对两者的研究缺乏一定的统合视角;多集中于两者低水平的消极影响研究,缺少对其积极影响的探索。     

Teacher–Child Relationship Quality and Children's Peer Victimization and Aggressive Behavior in Late Childhood

This investigation examines the extent to which characteristics of the teacher–child relationship (closeness, dependency, and conflict) are predictive of changes in children's peer victimization and aggressive behavior over the course of a school year. Relational and physical forms of victimization and aggression were studied, and changes in peer acceptance and number of friendships were tested as possible mediators. Longitudinal data from 410 fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students (193 boys; 217 girls) and their teachers (N = 25) were analyzed. Whereas dependency on the teacher predicted heightened victimization from peers, a close relationship with the teacher forecasted less physical aggression toward peers. Moreover, decreases in number of friendships partially mediated the link between dependency on the teacher and heightened relational victimization for boys. These findings have implications for understanding the continuing influence of teacher–child relationships on children's social development in late childhood and for identifying interpersonal risk factors associated with involvement in peer harassment.     

The Elite Illusion: Achievement Effects at Boston and New York Exam Schools

Parents gauge school quality in part by the level of student achievement and a school's racial and socioeconomic mix. The importance of school characteristics in the housing market can be seen in the jump in house prices at school district boundaries where peer characteristics change. The question of whether schools with more attractive peers are really better in a value‐added sense remains open, however. This paper uses a fuzzy regression‐discontinuity design to evaluate the causal effects of peer characteristics. Our design exploits admissions cutoffs at Boston and New York City's heavily over‐subscribed exam schools. Successful applicants near admissions cutoffs for the least selective of these schools move from schools with scores near the bottom of the state SAT score distribution to schools with scores near the median. Successful applicants near admissions cutoffs for the most selective of these schools move from above‐average schools to schools with students whose scores fall in the extreme upper tail. Exam school students can also expect to study with fewer nonwhite classmates than unsuccessful applicants. Our estimates suggest that the marked changes in peer characteristics at exam school admissions cutoffs have little causal effect on test scores or college quality.     

Victimization, Psychological Distress and Subsequent Offending Among Youth

The current study examined the relationship between the victimization of youth, psychological distress and subsequent offending. It examined whether direct and vicarious victimization by exposure to violence in the family, among peers, and in the neighborhood, significantly predicted psychological distress among study participants and whether psychological distress significantly predicted subsequent offending over time. In addition, it examined the extent (if any) to which psychological distress mediated the relationship between victimization and subsequent offending. Method: study data are from wave 1 and wave 2 of the Buffalo Longitudinal Study of Young Men (BLSYM), a population based sample (n = 625) of young men, ages 16-19 years old in a metropolitan area of Buffalo, New York. A path analytic approach was used for the main analyses. Findings: personal, vicarious victimization by exposure to violence among peers, and perception of neighborhood safety were significant predictors of offending at wave 1. Personal and property victimization was significant predictors of psychological distress. Psychological distress did not have a significant relationship with offending at wave 1 yet, it did at wave 2. Vicarious victimization by exposure to violence among peers and offending at wave 1 were all significant predictors of offending at wave 2. The results highlight the need to respond to both direct and vicarious victimization among young males to reduce psychological distress and subsequent offending.     

农民工刑事被害的生活方式因素分析

农民工刑事被害的原因十分复杂,其独特的生活方式就是其中之一。导致农民工刑事被害的生活方式表现为三个方面：其一,缺乏城市社会网络,生活方式单一、封闭;其二,固守乡士思维方式,法律意识相对滞后;其三,注重现实温饱消费,素质提升付之阙如。可以从完善社会网络体系,融入城市生活;代思维方式,提高法律意识;改变传统消费观念,提升基本素质等三个方面预防或减少农民工刑被害。     

开展朋辈咨询,促进心理健康——关于高校心理辅导形式的探讨

高校有义务为大学生提供多种形式的心理咨询服务,以促进大学生心理健康。目前我国高校专业心理咨询人员数量有限,而随着大学生对自身心理的日益重视,高校心理咨询的需求日渐扩大,有必要培训朋辈咨询员,去帮助存在学业、生活及心理问题的学生。文章针对高校心理咨询存在的问题,提出应重视开展朋辈咨询,重点论述了朋辈咨询的主要优势和做好朋辈咨询的有关策略。     

3-6岁幼儿同伴互动中言语反馈量化分析

3-6岁是幼儿进行语言发展并通过言语交互与同伴建立良好关系的关键时期,言语反馈是幼儿同伴交往的主要言语类 型。本研究通过对80名幼儿在半结构游戏中的同伴互动语料进行分析,发现3-6岁幼儿在同伴互动中有以下特点：更倾向于 使用积极性言语反馈;评价能力较弱;较少使用礼貌性言语;频繁出现交流中断的局面;幼儿因缺乏沟通技巧导致使用中立性 言语反馈。针对上述问题,相应改进建议为：多渠道提升幼儿言语交往的积极性;创造礼貌言语的使用氛围;锻炼幼儿在同伴 互动中的评价能力;提升幼儿在日常交往中的沟通技巧;正确看待幼儿消极性言语反馈。     

农村留守儿童受侵害状况及社会支持的作用研究——基于江西省90村的调查

我国农村留守儿童侵害问题不容忽视.使用自行设计问卷和多维领悟社会支持量表(MSPSS),采用分层随机抽样的方法采集江西省10县下辖90村的2193名儿童进行分析并运用描述性统计分析主要变量,探究留守儿童与非留守儿童侵害的差异性,运用logistic回归针对儿童遭受侵害和儿童遭受多重侵害建立与来自家庭、朋辈和重要他人领悟社会支持的相关性进行分析.结果发现:留守儿童与非留守儿童遭受侵害状况存在显著差异,但多维侵害状况不存在显著差异;当留守儿童与非留守儿童社会支持状况一致后,留守儿童与非留守儿童遭受侵害差异消失.研究表明,社会支持是保护儿童免受侵害的有效保护因素,家庭、朋辈和重要他人等社会支持系统可以有效改善留守儿童遭受侵害的情况.     

农民工子女教育模式探析——分析小组工作的成功策略

小组工作可以将同质性很强的农民工子女聚集起来，为农民工子女提供了情绪宣泄、互助合作、观察学习的机会，通过一系列活动方案的设计农民工子女形成合理认知，促进他们社会化的正常进行。