基于框架的知识库管理系统

框架系统作为知识表达的最有效方法之一,以其独特的知识结构化风格在知识工程技术中日益受到人们的青睐。本文用Prolog逻辑程序设计语言的表处理技术实现了框架系统,设计出一个基于框架的可自定义并可多途径自行维护的知识库管理系统。     

社会工作介入信访实践的拓展性探讨

随着现代化、城市化进程的加快,我国社会各群体正处于利益格局调整阶段,社会问题数量增多,且冲突化的趋势愈加明显。传统信访工作遵循以至上而下为主的工作逻辑,仅仅依靠思想政治宣传教育、行政管理作为主要工作模式,已经不能适应当前中国社会的发展。本文从"助人自助"的社会工作价值判断出发,分析社会工作与信访工作的内在联系,凸显社会工作对信访工作理念的完善和案件技术支持的功能,认识社会工作介入信访实践的重要性。     

Promoting Children's Welfare by Inter‐professional Practice and Learning in Social Work and Primary Care

Social work in the United Kingdom is an activity that benefits from, and often requires, co‐operation between different staff and across different professions. How this is to be achieved has been a central dilemma for practice and policy for many years. Primary care health services often play a key role. New policy and practice developments are designed to promote inter‐professional working with children, where research has shown significant problems in the community‐based health care of looked after children, children leaving care, and children at serious risk. There is, however, little evidence from research that supports current developments in inter‐professional practice; analysis of the particular nature of the inter‐professional problems is lacking, as are therefore the relevant inter‐professional solutions. A framework for better analysis, linked to developments in practice‐based research, one that would yield significant improvements for children's welfare, is presented here.     

Structural holes and managerial performance: Identifying the underlying mechanisms

Structural holes theory suggests a variety of possible explanations for the empirically observed relationship between structural holes and individual managerial performance. However, little has been done to disentangle one mechanism from another. This paper empirically tests a mediated moderation model that distinguishes between the five different theoretical mechanisms: autonomy, competition, information brokering, opportunity recognition and innovativeness. The findings suggest that of these five theoretical causal motors, innovativeness plays a key role in linking network structure and network content to performance.     

就业压力下如何提高学生适应性?——以广东某校2006级社会工作专业部分实习生为例

文章认为当前的学生实习是以机构为本,这种实习环境促使不同的实习生抗逆力得到不同程度的发展。提高学生适应性有两个途径:一是学校以学生成长中心,加强与实习机构建立合作伙伴关系。二是实习生社会工作思维能力的培养。     

Social work values,anti-discriminatory practice and working with older lesbian service users

It has been suggested that social workers are not adequately meeting the needs of lesbians and gay men. This paper explores some of these concerns with reference to social work's theoretical underpinnings and value-base in relation to working with older, non-heterosexual women. The paper considers some of the particular issues that affect the lives and needs of older women whose primary relationships are or have been with other women. It concludes with a discussion of ways in which such issues may be addressed in social work education, training and practice.     

Exploring Knowledge through Peer Tutoring in a Transitional Learning Community: An Alternative Way of Teaching Counseling Skills to Students in Social Work Education

This article is a critical review of Crossing Bridges, a Department of Health training pack for those working with 'mentally ill' parents and their children. The author argues, on the basis of both personal and professional experience, that although the pack pays lip-service to the significance of structural factors, the training resources are primarily rooted in an individual and family-focused pathology model of mental illness. Three arguments are put forward for the necessity of a wider framework: the significance of shame and stigma to those experiencing mental distress and their families; the predominance of understandings of mental illness that translate social phenomena into individualised problems, notably genetic explanations and attributions of risk and dangerousness; and the contribution of motherhood to the experiencing of mental distress in women. Initiatives within the mental health survivor movement are highlighted as examples promoting positive images of mental distress, and the implications of the issues raised for social work education are considered. The article concludes that efforts to help the children of 'mentally ill' parents, not to mention the parents themselves, must incorporate wider strategies to promote openness, respect, acceptance and ultimately, social inclusion, of those who experience mental distress.     

The necessities of violence

The paper notes an increasing concern with organisational violence, but also that much of the work considers violence to be a problem requiring functionally effective solutions. We argue for a more radical view of violence, which sees it as inherent to all manner of organising processes, including writing, editing and publishing. The paper considers violence in the establishment and maintenance of order, as constituted in acts of organising, inherent to Self‐Other relationships, in the politics and dynamics of difference, and in issues of identity formation.     

论当代中国饭店管理理念与实践中的人文导向

随着旅游需求的变迁、科技的发展和新型人力资源的引入,世纪之交的中国饭店业的管理理念和管理实践正在发生一系列的变化。人文导向则是把握这些变化的核心内核,并将主导未来一个时期中国饭店业的创新与发展。在对饭店管理理念进行解说的基础上,本文重点阐述了人文导向的若干载体性事件:管理制度的理性化、对员工的关注、经济型饭店的兴起、绿色饭店等等。     

Knowledge sharing for innovation performance improvement in micro/SMEs: an insight from the creative sector

Abstract

As economies become more reliant on innovative, knowledge-intensive firms, understanding the interaction between knowledge and improving innovation performance is increasingly important. Although most UK businesses are micro, small or medium-sized enterprises (micro/SMEs), knowledge management research has tended to focus on large companies Knowledge sharing can be critical for innovation performance, especially for smaller players with limited resources. Our study presents an insight from micro/SMEs operating in the highly knowledge-intensive and innovative games/entertainment software development sector. Using a mixed method approach, we investigate knowledge sharing and its contribution to firm innovation performance improvements. Our findings suggest that micro/SMEs are at the forefront of the creative sector precisely because of their smaller size. Our study reveals evidence of knowledge donation but limited evidence of knowledge collection in the knowledge sharing process. We develop a model highlighting the importance of industry context, individual knowledge and organizational size in knowledge sharing for innovation performance.