不同文化背景下的非语言行为

非语言行为是人际交流的重要手段。不同的国家、民族的非语言行为具有独特的文化内涵。非语言行为有五大特点：普遍性、重要性、真实性、差异性、可控性。文化约束力对非语言行为有着重要的影响。     

The Effects of Contingent Caregiver Imitation of Infant Vocalizations: a Comparison of Multiple Caregivers

The present study replicated and extended the Pelaez et al. (Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 44:33–40, 2011) study, which examined the reinforcing effects of mothers’ contingent imitation of their infants’ vocalizations. Three infants aged 7–12 months who could vocalize sounds but not words participated with two caregivers for each infant (i.e., triads). During the intervention phase, the caregivers were asked to immediately imitate all vocalizations emitted by the child for a 3-min period. During the yoked control phase, the caregivers listened to an audio recording from the preceding condition and provided vocalizations non-contingently on the infants’ responses. The procedures yielded different results across participants; one infant emitted a higher frequency of vocalizations during the contingent imitation phases over the control phases, and the other two infants showed higher rates of responding during the control phases. However, all infants emitted more imitative return vocalizations during contingent reinforcement conditions compared with the yoked control condition.     

An exploratory study to conceptualize press engagement behavior with public relations practitioners

This study addresses how journalists respond to public relations (PR) practitioners in co-creating value for their audiences. The co-creation perspective is conceptualized by synthesizing extant literature from public relations and relationship marketing, including cultivation strategies in organization-public relationships studies, two-way symmetrical model in excellence theory, intereffication model, service-dominant (S-D) logic of co-creation in marketing, and customer engagement theories. Using long-interview technique with 18 journalists, the study investigates how journalists perceive media relations activities of PR practitioners from a value co-creation dimension. A new theoretical model titled press engagement behavior (PEB) with sub-dimensions in press participation behavior (PPB) and press citizenship behavior (PCB) is proposed. A thirty-item scale is proposed to guide future study on scale development and validation. The proposed new model can explain the context of journalist engagement, enriching the operational value of cultivation strategies in dyadic relationship settings.     

General Outcome Measures for Verbal Operants

A general outcome measure (GOM) can be used to show progress towards a long-term goal. GOMs should sample domains of behavior across ages, be sensitive to change over time, be inexpensive and easy to use, and facilitate decision making. Skinner''s (1957) analysis of verbal behavior may benefit from the development of GOM. To develop GOM, we conducted a review of the literature on mands, tacts, echoics, and intraverbals. The four areas reviewed included (a) an examination of the participant''s response form (i.e., vocal or nonvocal), (b) the type of prompt used, (c) types of materials used, and (d) timing of responses or sessions. Based on the review of the literature, we developed GOM for mands and tacts. This paper attempts to bridge the concept of GOMs with Skinner''s analysis of verbal behavior.     

论梅罗-庞蒂的"结构辩证法"

本文力图揭示梅罗-庞蒂是怎样把生活体验与表达之间的辩证法建立在对行为主义和格式塔理论的创造性把握的基础之上的。即行为的“格式塔”不仅是处于刺激—本能反应的关系之中,而且更是处于一种被知觉—加工的关系之中。这也就是说,它拥有一种在创造性的加工活动中把握被知觉的意义的能力。当然,这种创造不能从绝对的意义上去理解,因为它的目的是激发起其他一些创造,并同时被整合进历史的“格式塔”之中。     

Alcohol-Influenced Nonverbal Behaviors During Discussions About a Relationship Problem

We examined the effect of alcohol intoxication on the display of nonverbal behaviors during discussions with dating partners about a relationship problem. Forty-four heterosexual dyads engaged in a 7-min conversation about a hypothetical infidelity. Males were randomly assigned to drinking condition (sober or .08 g/dl) and their behaviors were coded for behavioral expressivity, verbal expressivity, positive affect, and anxiety at 30 s and 3 min into the interaction. A series of 2 (drinking condition) × 2 (time) repeated measures analyses indicated that as time passed, drinkers nonverbally conveyed more agitation and less positivity, and consequently less pro-relational behavior. Further, drinkers showed more behavioral variability over time compared to their sober counterparts. The implications of these results for understanding alcohol-influenced communication in close relationships are discussed.

Changing your role models: Social learning and the Engel curve

By relating Engel curves and social learning, we explain the existence of differently shaped Engel curves—an interesting phenomenon in the theory of demand. A formal approach to cultural learning within a population of consumers accounts for some cognitive foundations of these demand patterns. We find that a changing influence of an individual's role models due to her increasing income, which entails new reference groups providing social identity, leads to the diffusion of new consumption behaviors. Thereby, the resulting Engel curves’ shape depends on the underlying learning dynamics. The approach contributes to an explanation of structural change and economic development.     

农民消费行为与公共品供给——一个结构化理论的分析视角

运用结构化理论作为分析框架,对公共品供给过程中的农村居民的消费行为进行分析,并以一项不成功的饮用水工程作为例证,从中发现：传统消费心理和消费习惯使得农村居民对于公共品的付费消费持谨慎态度;政府主导的公共品供给往往忽视农村居民的消费意愿;失败的公共品消费经历会降低农村居民再次参与公共品消费的积极性。     

论房地产登记行为的性质

在区分公法行为与私法行为的基础之上,对学界关于房地产登记行为的性质的主流观点“私法行为说”进行批驳,明确房地产登记行为的公法行为性质,并进一步论证房地产登记行为的行政行为性质,阐明正确界定这一性质的重要现实意义。     

医学社会学视野下的高校教师疾病处理行为研究

高校教师作为“学院派知识分子”和“单位人”的角色结合,其疾病处理行为具有就医与自我治疗相结合的特点．并出现收缩正式就医行为、扩张经验性自我治疗行为的变化趋势。高校教师疾病处理行为主要有被动就医、病情引导、自我保健三种模式,行为模式的选择与其所处的社会环境、扮演的社会角色、获得的社会支持之间具有密切的联系。个人经济收入水平、对自身健康状况的认知、高校体制的内在压力以及社会医疗保障的外在支持是影响高校教师疾病处理行为的主要因素。