On the margin? Residential child care in Scotland and Finland

Situated on the margins of Europe, Scotland and Finland are small countries which share similar demographic and economic profiles. In many European countries, residential child care can also be considered to be ‘on the margin’ of child care provision; there is ambivalence about residential care and a view that it should be used as a last resort. This paper examines systems and practices of residential care in Scotland and Finland, locating these in the context of wider child welfare policy in both countries. The underpinning principles of child welfare provision in both countries are similar—based on children's rights and primarily family-focused. In both countries there are also similar concerns about the fragmentation of child care provision and the cost of residential services. However, there are also important differences relating to child welfare provision and the use of residential care. In Finland, overall numbers of children in residential care are much greater than in Scotland; the age profile of these children and young people is very different; and the two countries vary markedly in the use of secure accommodation and custody. This comparative analysis suggests new ways of understanding the similarities and difference in the use of residential care in the two countries. It highlights the continuing challenge to develop residential care as a positive and integral part of a continuum of care services.     

Skateboarding behind the EU lorry—the experience of Romanian professionals struggling to cope with transition while assisting care leavers

As a result of the fall of communism in 1989, the Romanian system of public care for children experienced massive shifts in its structure and ethos. One vulnerable area in any such system is the care leaving stage when young people can fall between the childcare and the adult protection systems. This article draws on a qualitative study that focused on the preparation and early outcomes for care leaving in Bucharest. This was undertaken between December 2002 and March 2004 by Anghel, a Romanian researcher reading for a PhD in England. The research aimed to explore the care leaving process through the views and experiences of the care leavers and the childcare professionals. The article briefly describes the structure and legislative base of the care leaving system in Romania, and discusses the political context created by the EU accession process. It then explores some of the themes emerging from the interviews with the professionals operating the system and discusses them within the overarching theme of transition within transitions: the transition of the young people within the context of transitions simultaneously being experienced by the professionals, the childcare system, and the entire society.     

Cohort Changes in the Incidence of Care Need in West Germany Between 1986 and 2005

In Germany, the share of the older population has been continuously growing. Is the increase paralleled by a rising number of frail people, however? In search of an answer, we analyse the development of care need incidence in West Germany between 1986 and 2005 on the basis of longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). The results show a lower transition risk to care need for each successive cohort when all degrees of care need are taken into account. However, no change occurs when only severe care need is measured.     

高等职业英语教师专业发展趋势探究

教师的发展是一个连续的动态的纵贯整个职业生涯的过程。通过对高等职业英语教师专业发展的探讨,研究高职英语教师专业的发展趋势,提高高等职业英语教师的专业素质,更好地促进他们的专业发展,有效提高高职英语教学质量。     

老年人长期照护需求现状及趋势研究

伴随人口老龄化的加剧,老年人照护问题逐渐成为社会关注的热点。国内学者关于长期照护的研究大多是以失能老人为基础的,对失智者的研究较少涉及。本研究依照老年人的功能状态,将照护需求评估建立在对失能老人和失智老人分析的基础之上,分析我国老年人的长期照护需求及未来的变化趋势,以期对今后长期照护政策的制定提供参考。     

Ethical guidelines and codes in operations research

We review past endeavors by ORSs to establish ethical guidelines or codes to which their members must subscribe to. We contrast such activities with those of the international community of related professional societies. It is clear that ORSs world-wide do not exhibit the important basic characteristic of a profession, that is, the adoption of and adherence to ethical guidelines and codes. Such adoptions by OR professional organizations are rare.     

职业经理对民营企业信任关系的实证分析

民营企业的信任关系正从情感和关系型信任向制度和程序型信任演化,组织因素显著影响职业经理对企业的信任,而后者又显著影响企业对职业经理的吸引力.这些因素依影响程度的大小分别为:雇主诚信、组织公平、匹配状况、职业发展管理和薪酬管理.其中:(1)雇主诚信的影响作用和范围最大,最受谋求长期发展的职业经理重视.雇主缺乏诚信是导致职业经理信任不足的首要因素.(2)组织公平性对基层、高学历和短工龄的职业经理信任的影响较大.(3)个人与组织匹配的不足将损害绝大多数职业经理的信任.(4)男性、基层、低学历和短工龄的职业经理在建立信任时较为重视职业发展管理.(5)薪酬管理的不完善将较大地削弱稳定性较高的职业经理的信任.     

Barriers to Swift,Even Flow in the Internal Supply Chain of Perioperative Surgical Services Department: A Case Study*

This research analyzes the internal service supply chain of a perioperative surgical services department of a nonacademic community hospital using the theory of swift and even flow as a theoretical lens. Performance data were gathered using an in‐depth case study and it was determined that the swift and even flow constructs did affect flow speed and variance, but did not account for all the effects observed. To understand the need for departments to coordinate their efforts with each other and how this affected flow, further analysis was conducted using insights from Pagell's (2004) theory of internal integration and Gittell's (2002) research about coordinating mechanisms. The findings suggest the need to incorporate a variable measuring supply chain coordination into the theory of swift and even flow.     

Paper Versus Electronic Medical Records: The Effects of Access on Physicians' Decisions to Use Complex Information Technologies*

This study examines physicians' responses to complex information technologies (IT) in the health care supply chain. We extend individual‐level IT adoption models by incorporating a new construct: system accessibility. The main premise of the study is, when faced with a decision between alternate IT systems, individual users tend to select and make use of the technology or system that is most readily accessible. We discuss both physical and logical dimensions of accessibility as they relate to adoption of electronic medical records (EMR). Physical accessibility refers to the availability of computers that can be used to access EMR, while logical accessibility refers to the ease or difficulty of logging into the system. Using data from a survey of 199 physicians practicing in a large U.S. hospital, we show that, when deciding between the paper chart and EMR, accessibility is an important consideration in a physician's decision to use the system. Both dimensions of accessibility act as barriers to EMR use intentions through their indirect effect on physicians' perceptions of EMR usefulness and ease of use. Logical access also has a direct effect on EMR use intentions. We conclude that accessibility is an important factor that limits acceptance of complex IT such as EMR.     

健康传播在抖音短视频平台中的问题和提升路径

针对抖音短视频在关于健康问题传播方面存在的问题,依据对抖音短视频平台上289个健康传播账号的相关统计数据,从传播主体类型、账号认证管理、健康传播内容、短视频制作形式等4个方面,系统观察分析了抖音的健康传播现状。研究认为,抖音短视频平台的健康传播现存在以下亟待解决的4个问题:一是非专业传播主体成为平台健康传播的主力军;二是健康传播主体的账号认证名称混乱;三是短视频传播的健康信息不科学危害受众认知;四是短视频制作形式单一。为确保抖音短视频平台健康传播良性发展,应由具有较高公信力的各级政府卫生健康委员会和医疗机构主动引领短视频平台的健康传播,抖音短视频平台应加强传播主体认证管理和内容审核把关,传播主体则要坚守“内容为王”并提升制作水平。