对伊春林区“天保”工程运行状况的分析及建议

伊春林区作为我国东北地区的大型国有林区,自1998年实施"天保"工程以来,取得了明显的成效:木材产量缩减、林木生长量及森林覆被率提高、森林生态效益有所恢复.但该林区在林木采伐管理、森林资源管护责任制的推行、企业发展及林下产品开发利用等方面还存在一些问题.该文通过对伊春林区"天保"工程运行状况的分析,针对现存的一些主要问题,提出了实现林区资源和经济可持续发展的若干建议.     

大学生思想政治理论课教学改革的成效和启示

2005年中宣部、教育部制定了高校思想政治理论课的课程设置方案（＂05＂方案）,该方案的实施,掀起了新一轮的思想政治理论课的教学改革。阶段回顾近几年以创新精神推动思想政治理论课的教学改革的实践,有着三方面的深刻启示：必须坚持和弘扬理论联系实际的马克思主义学风,贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近学生,这是发挥思想政治理论课在大学生思想政治教育中主渠道作用的关键;坚持高校公共政治理论课程与教学内容的与时俱进,这是思想政治理论课保持蓬勃生命力的根本;努力造就一支高素质的教师队伍,充分调动他们的积极性、主动性和创造性,是进一步推动教学改革,加强和改进思想政治理论课教育教学的保证。     

民族地区高师英语专业课程设置问题与对策

民族地区普通高师英语专业课程设置存在的主要问题表现为三个不足,即师范性不足、实践性不足和市场适应性不足。课程设置改革应该以“四种能力”为导向,坚持师范性,加强实践性,提高学生的英语教学创新能力和教学实践能力,为成功就业和创业做好充分准备。     

Class Size and Educational Policy: Who Benefits from Smaller Classes?

ABSTRACT

The impact of class size on student achievement remains an open question despite hundreds of empirical studies and the perception among parents, teachers, and policymakers that larger classes are a significant detriment to student development. This study sheds new light on this ambiguity by utilizing nonparametric tests for stochastic dominance to analyze unconditional and conditional test score distributions across students facing different class sizes. Analyzing the conditional distributions of test scores (purged of observables using class-size specific returns), we find that there is little causal effect of marginal reductions in class size on test scores within the range of 20 or more students. However, reductions in class size from above 20 students to below 20 students, as well as marginal reductions in classes with fewer than 20 students, increase test scores for students below the median, but decrease test scores above the median. This nonuniform impact of class size suggests that compensatory school policies, whereby lower-performing students are placed in smaller classes and higher-performing students are placed in larger classes, improves the academic achievement of not just the lower-performing students but also the higher-performing students.     

Defining the severely mentally disabled

A definition of the "known target population of severely mentally disabled" in community mental health centers is examined. Criteria include intensive treatment contact and persistent, severe disability, but not diagnosis. Feasible and reliable screening procedures are demonstrated. In the identified population, most subjects at some time had received a diagnosis of schizophrenia and had been on public assistance. These criteria apply to catchmented treatment systems and should be useful in services research.     

SASA! Together: An evolution of the SASA! approach to prevent violence against women

One in three women globally will experience intimate partner violence (IPV) with devastating consequences for individual survivors, their families and communities. While prevalence remains high, violence against women is not inevitable and community mobilization approaches have emerged as particularly promising for transforming the gender inequitable norms and practices that underlie violence. The SASA! Activist Kit to Prevent Violence Against Women (SASA!), developed by Raising Voices in 2008, provides a theory-based approach for mobilizing communities to transform power imbalances between women and men through critical discussion and positive action. In this article, we provide the rational for revising SASA! after ten years of program learning and formal research. We aim to contribute to the knowledge base around what works to prevent IPV by describing the core enhancements in the revised version--called SASA! Together—and linking these changes to Raising Voices’ program learning and broader advancements in the field. In addition, we reflect on how current debates—such as how best to “scale up” violence prevention programs—were considered and resolved in SASA! Together. The paper concludes by sharing lessons learned that may provide guidance for future revisions development and revisions of evidenced-based programs.     

Expanding the repertoire of evaluation tools so that evaluation recommendations can assist nonprofits to enhance strategic planning and design of program operations

Data are the lifeblood of decision-making and provide a critical component into the complex mosaic from which decisions emerge. Evaluators and decision-makers should, therefore, continuously seek to explore the use of tools that can produce more meaningful, insightful, and useful data so that decision-making can be enhanced and improved. Traditional economic appraisal methods offer much and are very useful and relevant. Standard financial accounting reporting for tax purposes also provide insightful information on the organization’s financial health and that of its individual programs. However, neither offer insight into cost behavior—an important consideration for making program operations more efficient and for long-term strategic planning, forecasting, and design of program operations. Before COVID-19, programs were already challenged with competition for donor dollars and the pursuit for financial sustainability. The COVID-19 environment has considerably exacerbated these challenges. In this current environment, it is more important than ever for nonprofits to optimize limited financial resources to do more societal good. This paper will illustrate how selected concepts from cost and management accounting can be used by both independent program evaluators to improve their recommendations, as well as program administrators in-charge of nonprofits to enhance decision-making.     

Estimates of the Number of Liver Carcinogens in Bioassays Conducted by the National Toxicology Program

Estimates were made of the numbers of liver carcinogens in 390 long-term bioassays conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). These estimates were obtained from examination of the global pattern of p-values obtained from statistical tests applied to individual bioassays. Representative estimates of the number of liver carcinogens (90% confidence interval in parentheses) obtained in our analysis compared to NTP's determination are as follows: female rats—49 (23, 76), NTP = 30; male rats—88 (59, 116), NTP = 35; female mice—131 (105, 157), NTP = 81; male mice—100 (73, 126), NTP = 61; overall—166 (135, 197), NTP = 108. The estimator from which these estimates were obtained is biased low by an unknown amount. Consequently, this study provides persuasive evidence of the existence of more rodent liver carcinogens than were identified by the NTP.